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Dokteronline
biedt een service tussen arts, apotheek en u als klant. Na goedkeuring
schrijft één van de onafhankelijk aangesloten artsen een recept voor
uw medicijn of geneesmiddel, dat vervolgens door een Europese online
apotheek wordt uitgeleverd en via de post bij u thuis wordt bezorgd.
Dokteronline
offers an intermediary service of a doctor and pharmacy in one, also
called an internet pharmacy or online pharmacy. You can request a
medical consultation for a certain treatment, if this request is granted
by the doctor then a prescription is issued, which will be sent to you
by a European online pharmacy, in a discreet package. So at Dokter
online you can order your medicine online, so that you will receive your
medication conveniently at home.
Dokteronline
biedt een service tussen arts, apotheek en u als klant. Na goedkeuring
schrijft één van de onafhankelijk aangesloten artsen een recept voor
uw medicijn of geneesmiddel, dat vervolgens door een Europese online
apotheek wordt uitgeleverd en via de post bij u thuis wordt bezorgd.
Dokteronline
offers an intermediary service of a doctor and pharmacy in one, also
called an internet pharmacy or online pharmacy. You can request a
medical consultation for a certain treatment, if this request is granted
by the doctor then a prescription is issued, which will be sent to you
by a European online pharmacy, in a discreet package. So at Dokter
online you can order your medicine online, so that you will receive your
medication conveniently at home.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 1/5 - (4 Stemmen) Categorie:Het weer Tags:Weather Com Radar Widgets
tom tom verkeersinformatie
tom tom verkeersinformatie
Tom Tom Actueel verkeersbericht
Klik op settings en kies taal land en stad
Sla deze op en gebruik menu voor de gewenste informatie
Choose Settings, and use the menu after save settings
for actual traffic info
Met RSS feeds van WeerOnline beschik je altijd over het actuele
weerbericht en weernieuws.
Naast RSS feeds zijn er weergadgets
beschikbaar met de laatste radarbeelden en de neerslagverwachting van
elke locatie in Nederland.
In de RSS feeds van WeerNieuws vind je het laatste nieuws van WeerOnline WeerNieuws op het
gebied van o.a. het weer, klimaat, wintersport en watersport. Je kunt
kiezen voor een feed met alle categorieen of alleen de feeds die je
interesse hebben.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 2/5 - (1 Stemmen) Categorie:Ministerie Verkeer & Waterstaat Tags:de Actuelewaterdata site van het Landelijk Meetnet Water van Rijkswaterstaat. De Actuelewaterdata-webmasters,Actuelewater data
Zee Television channels: Alpha TV Bangla, Alpha TV Gujarati, Alpha TV Marathi, Alpha TV Punjabi, Zee Cinema, Zee English, Zee MGM, Zee Music, Zee News and Zee TV
NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program NASA technical information resource. Gives access to CASI Technical Reports Server which provides free literature searches on all space related topics from 1970 to present day.
Nick Proach Models provides very high fidelity desktop and display models of spacecraft, satellites, launch vehicles, missiles and aircraft, along with training models for astronauts and launch pad crews
Spacecraft Digest tracks current and future spacecraft and spacecraft programs (over 1600 entries): includes a description of each spacecraft, orbit and launch information, a history of all significant news items, a list of references to news sources, and links to Web sites
NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program NASA technical information resource. Gives access to CASI Technical Reports Server which provides free literature searches on all space related topics from 1970 to present day.
Nick Proach Models provides very high fidelity desktop and display models of spacecraft, satellites, launch vehicles, missiles and aircraft, along with training models for astronauts and launch pad crews
Spacecraft Digest tracks current and future spacecraft and spacecraft programs (over 1600 entries): includes a description of each spacecraft, orbit and launch information, a history of all significant news items, a list of references to news sources, and links to Web sites
VelocitySAT global provider of broadband distribution, VPN, VoIP, GSM/cellular backhaul, PSTN/PTT backhaul, IP backbone, space segment, broadcast and disaster recovery
VideoLink satellite trucks, studio facilities, transmission, camera crews, webcasting, program development; located in Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore
Videowerk international production and TV facilities; Austrian SNG, ENG, OB-van service provider operating in Austria, Italy, Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia, Czech Republic
Village Video News Ku and C band NTSC or PAL standard or HD uplink trucks in New York
Vision Uplink Australia satellite transmission and production services: transportable uplinks and downlinks, flyaway uplinks and downlinks, studio/remote production
Vistar Datacom provides satellite data communication services throughout North America, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean for asset management, monitoring, tracking and other applications
VISTA Satellite Communications full service provider of satellite transmission and television production services in USA
Vitel Productions Ireland based provider of satellite uplinks and outside broadcast
Vizada leading global satellite communications provider offering total communications solutions to customers including maritime fleets, emergency response teams, government and military units, news gathering organizations, natural resource exploration companies, enterprise businesses and airlines
Vodafone Airtouch service provider for Globalstar in a total of 15 countries across North America, Europe, Australia, Mexico and South Africa
Vortex Technologies global provider of telecommunications services via fiber optics and satellite; provides and supports full end-to-end solutions, including access to worldwide Internet network points (WIN-Point); supports voice, data, and video services, having its own switch networks and the ability to handle more than 400M minutes of traffic daily; SCPC, MCPC, DVB, mesh, hybrid, and other services available globally
VSAT Systems Satellite Internet satellite internet provider offering satellite Internet, intranet, VPN, frame relay backup and other satellite services in 48 US states plus international locations throughout the Caribbean
VSAT U.S. worldwide provider of business class VSAT satellite Internet connectivity
VT Communications global facilities management providing services in over 100 countries; services include distribution of video, data, audio and IP Internet; satellite dish hosting and other collocation services offered at VT Communications' Fareham teleport in England
WTVP Satellite Services US provider of mobile Ku satellite uplink truck, sporting events, SNG, live shots, satellite media tours, tape feeds, downlink events
ZapMe! Corporation provides an advertising-supported, free broadband Internet access network for US schools, using a satellite-based network provided by Spacenet
Z/I Imaging development and support of Earth Imaging tools providing open Windows-based imaging solutions, including aerial cameras, stereo softcopy workstations, analytic stereo plotters, photogrammetric scanners, and image management, processing, and distribution software.
Satamatics global Inmarsat D+ satellite network operator, provider of terminals and applications for GPS vehicle tracking, vessel tracking, telematics, remote monitoring and control of all types of mobile and fixed assets via the Internet
satcoms.com voice and data satellite communications services and equipment
SATCOM - Comunicações Satélite teleport based in Maputo, Mozambique, providing data communications, Internet access and voice communication services through VSAT technology throughout Sub-Saharan Africa
Satcom Systems provider of DVB-S2 and Inmarsat in the Middle East, particularly Afghanistan, Pakistan and the GCC states
Satconxion satellite Internet services for Europe, Africa, ME and Latin America using Hispasat and Eutelsat satellite systems; VoIP services for VSAT users
Satellite Air Time worldwide service provider for Inmarsat, Iridium, Thuraya satellite communications and hardware
Satellite Communication Systems Chicago based provider of satellite uplink trucks, video production services, videoconferencing, satellite time, satellite media tours and video news releases
Satellite Imaging Corp global provider of high resolution image data, Geographic Information System (GIS) services, and mapping solutions
SatellitePhoneStore.com Globalstar, Iridium, and Inmarsat phone rentals and service supplier
Satellite Systems Distribution suppliers of hardware and airtime for: Iridium, Thuraya, Thrane & Thrane (Inmarsat), Fleet 33/55/77, Globalstar, RBGAN and EMSAT
Satellink Technologies an information services company that uses direct broadcast satellites to distribute weather and other critical real-time information at affordable prices to users throughout the world
SATLink Internet via satellite services in Europe, North Africa, Middle East, West Africa, Sub Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America
Satlink Communications play out, time delay, downlink, uplink, turn around with and without compression, encryption services in Israel
Satlink Ltd worldwide service provider of Inmarsat, Iridium, Thuraya, VSAT (hardware and airtime)
Satlogic Networks provider of satellite based Internet connectivity for business, government and military networks
Satlynx broadband Internet access; transportable, back-up and disaster recovery solutions; private point-to-point, meshed, video, voice and data networks
Satreach Networks Inc satellite network services to the retail and commercial industries, including content delivery, POS, credit/debit transactions and high speed internet access
Schlumberger custom-engineered VSAT communications that provide turnkey network solutions in the most remote of locations, both on land and at sea, where reliable leased lines, Internet and dial-up services are not readily available
Scott Yeaw Installations VSAT sales and service in Upstate New York and Northern Pennsylvania, USA
SCS Telemedia Comlink global distribution services via satellites for television, radio and data channels
SDN Global wireless broadband satellite, VoIP, remote monitoring services and failover network access in areas including North America, Europe, Africa, Central America and Southeast Asia
SES Astra major European satellite operator with its own fleet of satellites; provides a wide range of broadcast, Internet and government services from its hub in Luxembourg
SES New Skies operator of the NSS series of communications satellites; provides a wide range of broadcast, Internet and government services
SES Sirius broadcast, VSAT and Internet services provider to Scandinavia and the Baltic states
Seven Seas Communications a leading provider of satellite services to the natural resources, media, fishing and yachting industries throughout the world; Iridium reseller
Signal Mountain Networks full service network data, voice, and video integration company providing fixed and mobile satellite, wireless, and terrestrial services worldwide
Singapore Telecom and at Singapore Telecom Iridium services to commercial shipping, forestry, aeronautical, energy, construction, mining and maritime customers throughout Asia
Skycasters US based Direcway satellite Internet reseller, offering broadband satellite Internet service and satellite VPN service to business customers
SkyFrames Corporation secure broadband services adressing VoIP, disaster recovery, business continuity, distance learning and rural connectivity applications
Skyhub Asia Holdings Limited regional ISP, employing a combination of local leased lines and satellite to provide unlimited broadband Internet access to end-users
SkyOnline provider of fixed-station satellite-based telephony services,broadband services to business customers in urban areas, and VSATs in remote areas with current operations in Venezuela, Mexico and Guatemala
Sky-Stream FZ high speed Internet access, VoIP telephony and video conferencing via VSAT; intelligent vehicle tracking systems and services
SkyVision Global Networks IP connectivity, space segment and VoIP service provider in Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Central Asia
SkyWave Mobile Communications designs and manufactures satellite and satellite/GPRS terminals and operates satellite network systems to enable low-cost asset tracking, monitoring and control solutions for fixed and mobile assets
Skyways Communications full service video production and satellite uplink companybased in Norwood, USA
SNG Broadcast Services Ltd specialists in satellite newsgathering based in London with bases in Amman, Beirut, Cyprus and Dubai
SpaceCom Systems one-way satellite uplink services and rapid deployment two-way interactive satellite services for disaster recovery, bypass of local communications infrastructure, high speed connectivity for remote sites and temporary event webcasting
Space Communications Corporation operates Japanese HitPops service that allows Internet service providers, content providers, and enterprises to deliver streaming media to cable head-ends
Spaceconnection provider of space segment for broadcasters, government services and business for distribution of video and data
SpaceData International very high-speed 'broadband-on-command' satellite transmission of gigabyte-size data files utilising a constellation of NASA TDRS geostationary satellites
Speeka worldwide service provider of Inmarsat, Iridium, Thuraya and Globalstar satellite phones, selling hardware and airtime - includes phones and accessories from many manufacturers, portable, vehicular, aeronautical and maritime products; worldwide technical support
Spot Image distribution of earht resources remote satellite data and products
Strato skyDSL Internet access service provider in Germany
Stratos Global Corporation leading international telecommunications services provider offering customers operating in remote locations a variety of satellite and microwave wireless technologies
StreamLink Communications Internet services and data communications in the Middle East, North Africa and Eastern Europe
ST Teleport uplink and downlink services, international voice gateway, global VSAT, IP multicast, video broadcasting, broadcast studios and video production services from a base in Singapore
Studio KVP international telecommunications, TV and audio uplinking, SNG
STV SNG services with up to 3 cameras; flyaway SNG; OB services from 2 to 12 cameras; AVID editing; ENG/EFP; studios in Odense and Copenhagen
SureConnect Broadcast Services occasional video and audio feeds worldwide; regularly scheduled feeds; full time transmission for contribution and distribution; broadcast quality digital routing; fiber and satellite connectivity; event coordination, production assistance and gear
Sure Link DSNG supplier based in Northern California
Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) mission control services, ground station services, teleport services, operations and maintenance, co-location, network solutions, consultancy services, frequency coordination and procurement services; operates its own ground stations as well as partner ground stations worldwide through PrioraNet
Swepet Satellit AB high speed Internet capacity to customers in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway
Swisscom Swiss PTO, until recently called Swiss Telecom PTT
Sydney Teleport Services Australian provider of broadcast transmission services including teleport services, SNG & TES services, satellite space and fibre, studio facilities, VSAT services, DTH services, record, edit and playout facilities
Taurus Communications Inc C and Ku band transportable service provider; also brokers transponders for international and domestic use in both digital and analog formats, offering encryption and compression; specialists in Total Project Management from conception to completion
Teleantenna Inc full service satellite company with around the clock teleport services and mobile satellite uplink available anywhere in eastern Canada and northeast USA
Telecom Partners satellite communication solutions in remote locations at sea aboard vessels or rigs, or in areas not covered at all or effectively by terrestrial networks including mobile satellite solutions, fixed satellite solutions, broadband at sea and GSM over satellite
TeleCrossing.net two-way broadband access by satellite for residential internet users in the USA
Telefónica Servicios Audiovisuales services for European broadcasters including digital uplinking, DSNG and flyaway terminals, TV contribution and distribution
Teleport International Benelux BV TIB is a Netherlands-based teleport offering a wide range of global satellite communications services including a unique Global Digital Video Network for Business TV, Distance Learning, Television and Radio Broadcasting, Datacasting and Video Streaming. TIB also offers Internet Backbone and Corporate Point-to-Point telecommunications services.
Telesat Canada operates a fleet of satellites that provide broadcast distribution and telecommunications services, and is a highly respected consultant and partner in satellite ventures around the world
Telscape International Inc supplies international voice, video, data and Internet services, via switched and dedicated networks, principally to and from Latin America
Thin Air Broadcasting mobile satellite uplink and SNG services to the broadcast television industry in the west, south and southwest of England, Wales, the Midlands
ThruPut Solutions 2-way satellite Internet; temporary Internet connections
Tiger Red Limited provider of SNG services specialising in flyaway operations for news
TigrisNet VSAT and Internet Via Satellite provider in Iraq
Tiscali European two-way satellite Internet service for consumers
TKO Satellite Broadcasting global provider of satellite broadcasting and video conferencing services for business and government - locations in Silicon Valley, New York City, San Diego, Washington DC, Singapore and Cork, Ireland
TMI Communications packet and circuit-switched data communications, voice, facsimile, e-mail, file transfer, Internet access, digital broadcast dispatch, mobile messaging and position-reporting services using the MSAT-1 satellite
Total Production Services full service production supplier to broadcasters in the United States, provider of satellite uplink trucks throughout the USA
Tracsat business unit of Orbcomm, providing the construction industry with affordable Web-based equipment tracking and monitoring solutions
Transat Bulgarian based VSAT service provider offering services in Europe, North Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
Transeurosat (Trans-European Satellite Services) satellite Internet services
TransOrbital first commercial lunar mission; transportation, launch preparation, US export licensing
Transvision International California based provider of fixed, transportable and flyaway uplink services in North America, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, the Philippines and Hawaii
Universal Satellite Communications (UniSat) fully integrated supplier of television logistics and transmission services providing mobile uplinks from California, Nevada and Arizona in USA
Maritime Telecommunications Network provides C band voice, fax, data and Internet communications to the cruise industry, the US Navy, and to offshore oil and gas platforms around the world; also provides ship-to-shore live video and radio broadcast capabilities in C or Ku band; also provides Inmarsat services
Media Support Network satellite transmission services, SNG, play out and uplinking for international news broadcasters, live shots, sports, entertainment as well as corporate events using C band from Central America
Meeral Communications SCPC, VSAT and Internet access in Iraq and across the Middle East
Metria Finland distributor of satellite imagery from all commercially available satellites including: Eros, QuickBird, Ikonos, Spot, Landsat, IRS, Radarsat and Envisat
Metrovision Broadcast Services full service television production company offering all phases of production and transmission services throughout the US
Micronet Broadband global provider of one and two-way broadband Internet access
Microspace Communications US provider of broadcast video, data and audio satellite services for business applications
MirCorp commercial operator of the Mir space station
M Lehmann TV uplinks, OB-Van, SNG technics, electronic development, staff training
Mobil Satellite Technologies provides auto-deploy VSAT communications equipment and service, including vehicle mounted auto-deploy systems, case based flyaway systems, SNG trucks and trailers, and both shared and dedicated bandwidth on an iDirect/Intelsat network
Moonlink Satellite US provider of satellite uplink trucks (C and Ku band) analogue, digital (HD/SD) for news, sports, entertainment, SMT’s and disaster recovery for networks; downlink capabilities
Moubic independent Japanese SNG service provider; live transmission and tape play out for international sports, news, entertainment; two SNG trucks and two Flyaway antennas
MSSAK International VSAT services to Middle East, Africa and Asia; Vehicle Tracking; MVSAT; Inmarsat; Thuraya
M-Three Satcom Italian provider of uplink and teleport services, fibre backbone connectivity, occasional use services via DSNG and system integration for satellite services
National Satellite Telecommunication Services Thuraya international service provider and national service provider for Kuwait; value added service provider for operators in Kuwait and government / security agencies
Netsat low cost international Internet connectivity for ISPs and cable TV operators
NetSat Express provides satellite based Internet access services, digital media distribution services and integrated data, voice and video communications services
Net West Communications Group analogue and digital uplink trucks for live news, sports, entertainment, media tours and other events; based in Boise, Denver, Las Vegas and Seattle serving the entire Western USA
Network Innovations provider of satellite communication solutions for voice and data for both fixed and mobile requirements
Neuron SA international satellite communication, telecommunication service provider and systems integrator based in Greece
NovaConnect Canadian provider of high speed 2-way Internet access satellite services for commercial and business applications
Novanet Communications Canadian provider of broadcast video, data, audio and IP data services for business applications
Novosat GIS and mapping; telecommunications, location and navigation data; satellite image distribution; image processing services
NSN Network Services satellite distribution of digital stereo or mono audio transmissions
NSSL independent service provider for satellite communications providing systems integration and high level service support to clients across the maritime, energy, government, energy, finance and corporate sectors
Oceanfone provider of remote GSM mobile radio solutions using VSAT backhaul communications, primarily targeting the maritime market; GSM roaming arrangements with over 210 GSM operators world-wide
Orbcomm Magreb provider of Orbcomm services in Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia
Orbcomm South America provider of Orbcomm services in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay
Orbital Enterprises supplies mobile satellite Internet and fixed satellite Internet systems and service plans; authorized Spacenet channel partner exclusively using Gilat, Motosat and Tracstar hardware for service in North America
PACSAT operates mobile Ku band digital uplink trucks in Chicago, Dallas, Austin, Houston, Phoenix, Seattle, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Sacramento; teleport in northern California
Palestine Capital Studios satellite transmission service provider offering services through fixed earth stations, flyaway and driveaway SNG systems, OB vans and microwave links from the West Bank, Gaza and Israel
PAN-Telecom Thuraya service provider in the Ukraine
Petrolink Services custom-engineered satellite communication services (Inmarsat,VSAT, broadband, network deployment, ...) around the world; provider of fully automated portable systems for remote locations
PickSat provider of satellite based Internet access
Pivotal Satellite Technologies, Inc transportable Ku and C band downlinks, audio-visual equipment and commercial satellite antenna installation services throughout New England and New York City
PMTV satellite uplinks trucks, space segment, fibre transmission services, mobile video production trucks, freelance crews, and associated production services worldwide
Pole Star Space Applications Ltd asset tracking, monitoring and messaging services for the transportation sector and supply chain using Orbcomm satellites
Protel News satellite uplinks from DSNG Vehicles and Flyaways around the world, (Ku and C band)
PSINet and PSINet high speed interactive Internet service provider
PSSI Global Services US based full service production and satellite transmission company, specialising in the coordination, production, and transmission of domestic and international live event programming
PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara VSAT-based rural telephony; ACeS satellite phone and data services; Multi-Media Asia (m2@) satellite-based multimedia services
Purple Turtle Communications S Africa based provider of SNG services using flyaways; Ku/C band space segment lease
QinetiQ command and control of spacecraft; TT and C support; anomaly support
Q-KON South African based turn-key solutions provider specialising in the supply of VSAT and wireless connectivity solutions for ISP's, Internet cafe's, corporate networks and telco providers
Quantis broadband satellite Internet access in Spain and worldwide
Remote Data Services providers of VSAT technology and services including mobile technology and VPN over satellite; Installers of satellite broadband systems globally
Riacomm mobile high speed satellite internet solutions for emergency services; manufacturer of mobile trailers for use by emergency services as incident command centers and to assist with disaster mitigation and recovery
RR Satellites Communications provider of uplink, downlink and turnaround services from SNG, flyaway and teleport satellite systems; authorized by Intelsat, Eutelsat, Panamsat, Loral, Arabsat, Nilesat, Thaicom and other satellite organizations
r)Star develops, deploys and manages satellite-based broadband Internet media networks for large-scale user communities across enterprise and corporate organizations, educational systems and governmental agencies
Earthscan Network Inc US provider of time-critical, low-cost earth imagery for the agriculture, real estate, surveillance, community planning and transportation markets.
EarthWatch will provide its high-resolution panchromatic and multispectral imagery to commercial businesses and government agencies developing mapping, geological surveys, natural resources, emergency management, infrastructure management, and insurance assessments
EchoStar Satellite Services worldwide delivery of full-time and occasional-use services including news, sports, entertainment, catastrophic and special events
ElioSat skyDSL Internet access service provider in Italy
El Molino Systems sale and hire of broadband Internet connections via satellite in Spain
Elsacom Globalstar service provider in central Europe, eastern Europe and the Mediterranean
Embedded System Solutions Inc provider of broadband satellite data services such as VoIP, FoIP, VPN, Video Surveillance and Conferencing, engineering studies; ESS also operates a VSAT hub in the Middle East
Emerging Markets Communications premier provider of global satellite communications, utilising a high quality, fully managed network, EMC offers maritime services, teleport services, and private, end-to-end satellite networks in more than 140 countries
EMW worldwide turnkey satellite services with presence in four continents
ENGservices integrated ENG and satellite uplink services, covering Europe, North Africa and Middle East
Envia Oy supply of high resolution satellite imagery and airborne and satellite data produced by Envisat, ERS, Ikonos, IRS, JERS, Kosmos, Landsat, NOAA, QuickBird, Radarsat, Resurs and Spot
e-Qual high speed Internet access in the Middle-East, North Africa, Central Asia and Europe from a hub in France
Equatorial Marketing & Research Corp voice, video, Internet and private data communications to Africa and Latin America - services include VoIP, call origination and call termination
eSat Inc US broadband service provider for businesses, educational, and government institutions via satellite
e-SAT Satellite Communications Turkish provider of: Internet connectivity for ISPs; point to point and point to multipoint networks for commercial users
Eser Telekom broadband Internet access to International backbones; international clear channel TDM/SDH links
ESL commercial messaging and marine services; environmental monitoring
European Broadcasting Union an association of European broadcasters which operates an extensive satellite and terrestrial network for TV and radio contribution and distribution
GEOSat Solutions satellite-based television, voice communication, e-mail, facsimile, net radio, as well as asset tracking and monitoring throughout North, Central and northern South America, the Bahamas, the Caribbean Basin, and all surrounding oceanic regions
Gigatel UK SNG facilities provider for news, sports, entertainment and corporate events; services also include fixed links for TV contribution and datacomms, microwave camera links and camera facilities
Gilat Satellite Networks interactive VSAT, data broadcast using VSAT, data collection using VSAT, telephony using VSAT, TV distribution, TV broadcast uplinking, audio distribution, radio broadcast uplinking
Global Communication Technologies backup satellite services with seamless BT-VSAT switch; providers and installers of fixed, semi-static and mobile satellite broadband and VoIP solutions for gas and oil companies, open-air shows, marinas, mobile homes and private users
Globe Net Japanese uplinking service for international news broadcasters, live remotes, sporting events, as well as corporate and disaster communications using a Ku band truck with English speaking crew
Globo Networks provider of satellite services for Internet, voice and video applications and wholesale and retail VoIP solutions, servicing Latin America, Middle East and Africa
GMD IT Solutions information technology solutions for the shipping and marine sectors
IDN Technologies Internet services using the VSAT technology anywhere within Nigeria; VSAT installation within Nigeria; network design and implementation; server and network security services; multimedia services
IEC Telecom mobile satellite service provider offering Iridium, Thuraya, Iridium, VSAT, GPS
InSight Telecommunications Corporation provider of content delivery services for the broadcasting, cable and Internet industries , supplying project management and packaging of all types of transmission services, using satellite transponders, fiber-optic circuits and the Internet, to some of the largest content providers in the world
Intelsat General Corporation communications solutions using fixed and mobile satellite systems and associated terrestrial communications services
Interlink provides a full range of telecommunications services, including direct Tier One access to the Internet, through its international teleport operations in Mountain View, California, utilizing the Satmex Solidaridad 2 satellite
InterPacket Group high-speed backbone connectivity, Internet applications and IP multicasting services to hundreds of ISPs, corporations and content distributors in more than 100 countries around the world
InterSat and Intersat specializes in the provision of private satellite communications networks and systems for commerce, industry and the media internationally
Intersat Africa broadband Internet connectivity across Africa
Intra, Lda supply, install and maintain VSAT terminals; bandwidth re-seller
IP Access International independent global business satellite Internet, voice, video and data connectivity provider providing fixed and mobile satellite solutions to businesses around the world
Isaika Networks provision of sophisticated communication networks, in particular those employing satellite technology
iSatAsia (Wisehill Corporation) provides business class one way and two way satellite internet connectivity services utilizing AsiaSat 2, AsiaSat 3S, and AsiaSat 4 satellites covering all Asia
Just Right Satellite Communications corporate Internet connections via satellite; dedicated circuits; Internet access; local access; wholesale long distance; space segment; DVB solutions
KB Impuls Service provider of two way broadband Internet access, corporate network and voice services including VoIP; supplier of GSM networks via satellite
LEOXX GmbH two-way broadband Internet access and Virtual Private Network (VPN) services in Germany expanding to Switzerland, the UK and then the rest of Europe
Levira SNG, DENG and OB-van services in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and elswhere in Europe
Liberate Technologies provider of software for the delivery of enhanced television content and services to television set-top boxes and other network appliances, using open Internet and IP-based standards
Liberty Uplink providers of Ku satellite uplink vehicles and television production services in New England, the Mid-Atlantic
LinCsat Communications 2-way, high-speed Internet service by satellite to government, commercial, residential and small office/home office customers in Canada
Linx Productions SNG and uplink services from Hungary and Croatia
Livewire Connections providers of satellite hardware and airtime covering Inmarsat, Iridium, Thuraya, DVB-RCS and VSAT services for use in land and marine environments; solutions include store & forward video, network integration, data transfer and least cost routing
Livewire Digital provider of integrated data, voice and video services, delivering premium content and value-added services for broadcasters, shipping companies, oil and exploration enterprises, production facilities and government services
Logitech VSATs services for the petrochemical and corporate sector, international telecommunication, reselient solutions for mobile phone network operators and teleport services
Lorantec Systems provider of ubiquitous, economical, global In-Transit Visibility (ITV) of transportation assets, tracking and monitoring all types of equipment including highway trailers, containers and chassis
Lowery Satellite Services operates a fleet of transportable uplinks for broadcast television in the USA
A+NET Internet Services sells a Tachyon uplink on a monthly basis to customers looking for a temporary, high-speed connection for trade shows or conventions; based in San Diego
abc Newsfeed Scandinavia independent Swedish television news and video production company providing mobile uplinks from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Norway and Sweden
Agisat SNG services in southern Europe and north Africa
Airia global provider of live airline inflight entertainment
Airtouch Communications Globalstar service provider for Canada, Caribbean, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, USA
A.I. Smart Systems, S.A. satellite transmission services, play out and uplinking for international news broadcasters, live shots, sports, entertainment as well as corporate events using C band space segment over NSS-806
Alden Electronics provides weather data and information services by satellite to clients in North America
All Computers reseller of satellite Internet access services
All Thuraya Refills @ RefillThuraya Refillthuraya.com allows you to top-up your Thuraya Prepaid Account on-line with an easy and fast procedure, no matter where you initially purchased your SIM card
Aloha Networks SkyDSL network for high-speed two-way Internet, including interactive TV, data broadcasting, data collection, VoIP, Video broadcasting, distance learning, Internet browsing, data IP, and data communications for the VSAT market
Amazônia Banda Larga e Informática Internet access and Internet Networking solutions to enterprise, government, education and small business customers across the entire Amazon region
Applied Satellite Technology satellite phone equipment and service providers for Thuraya, Iridium, Vodafone, Globalstar, Inmarsat, Aces, Emsat, Satellite TV Systems at sea
ARINC aeronautical communications; tracking, monitoring and messaging for cargo and transportation assets using Orbcomm satellites
Arion Communication Inmarsat and Iridium services for maritime and land mobile users; satellite communication terminals plus labour service worldwide
Ariave Satcom provides Broadband IP access to remote locations via VSAT using DVB/SCPC and SCPC/SCPC technology
Armstrong Space Communications provider of SNG, outside broadcast and distance learning services in Ireland, the UK, Poland, the Czech Republic and Italy
ARNAV aeronautical voice and data service provider using the Globalstar system
Arqiva global distribution services and media content management, providing solutions for Playout and Distribution, Occasional Video and Data, Digital Media Networks, Television Facilities, International Connectivity and Outside Broadcasts.; owns international teleports in London, Washington, Los Angeles and Paris, as well as extensive space segment and fibre connectivity to all of the world's major interconnects
Aryan Satellite Co broadband internet access, data and voice communication services across Middle East
AT&T Alascom Alaskan carrier operating some 200 earth stations throughout the state and providing long distance communications services to virtually every Alaskan comunity
Atlas Telecom provider of fixed, marine and mobile VSAT solutions in the Middle East
atrexx - Global Capacity & Facility Exchange Internet and IP via satellite, mobile satellite services, voice communication, corporate networks, wireless access and radio and TV via satellite
BAF Satellite & Technology Corp digital and analogue long-term, short-term and/or occasional Ku and C band satellite space, full or partial transponders or transponders for domestic or international video, voice or data transmission
Balkan Telecommunication satellite broadband internet services; private star/mesh corporate networks; SCPC/TDMA and back-up links for Turkey and Middle East region; IPTV solutions for hospitality
Batavia Downlinks transportable downlink provider in New York State, W Pennsylvania, E Ohio USA.
BBA uplink services for broadcasters in Istanbul and SNG services in Turkey, the Balkans and the Middle East
BCE Inc Canada's largest telecommunications company; majority shareholder of Telesat Canada; subsidiaries include Bell Canada, Northern Telecom, BCE Mobile, Bell Canada International, Tele-Direct
Bilge Uplink Services media news and production company providing international SNG services from a base in Istanbul, Turkey
Bitcentral online marketplace for buyers and sellers of digital broadcasting and satellite communications equipment, wireless bandwidth and technical services
Blue Sky Satellite Communications African fixed and mobile service provider offering 2 way Internet access; Iridium, Inmarsat and Thuraya airtime and terminal reseller
Bluestar Internet provider of 2-way satellite broadband solutions and VOIP services across Spain to home users and corporate clients
BNL provides SOHO, SME and Internet Cafe oriented satellite broadband Internet access services in the Middle East and Eastern Europe
Broadband Wherever UK based supplier of two way satellite broadband, satellite back up and mobile systems
Broadcast International provider of full service satellite and IP satellite services, including network deployment, space segment, uplinks, SNG and production worldwide
Broadcast Israel provider of SNG services from Israel, production services, equipment rental, studios and editing facilities
Broadcast Networks independant satellite service provider, supplying SNG vehicles, broadcast flyaway systems, mobile streaming solutions, temporary and permanent VSAT, and space segment; systems are available for sale and adhoc hire
BroadEdge service enables the delivery of broadcast streaming media content at a low level of latency, allowing live interactive events to be made available via the Internet
Broadsat Italian supplier of broadband Internet access
Broad Sky Networks satellite network aggregator, acting as a single source provider in the deployment of broadband satellite services via multiple providers to ensure the greatest coverage and pricing options in simplified service bundles
BrownstoneIT UK provider of broadband satellite and wireless communications to large companies
BtN Access PCCW VSAT services in Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa
BTV+ interactive distance learning; digital signage; system integration, installation and operations; studio design, management and rental; special events promotion (ad hoc broadcasts); satellite bandwidth
BusinessCom Internet via Satellite carrier-independent satellite broadband solutions; 1-way DVB/IP connectivity; low-cost DVB-RCS and SCPC 2-way VSAT systems
Business Satellite Solutions providing global, iDirect-enabled broadband satellite solutions for Internet access, VPN, VoIP, video conferencing and mobile applications for enterprise clients
Cable and Wireless wide range of satellite services for large corporate clients and governments including VSATs, international private circuits, Internet access and trunking
Cairo News Company (CNC) Egyptian supplier of SNG services, uplinks to Nilesat and Eutelsat, live studios, travelling SNG and crew in the Middle East
Call-Net Pakistan based reseller of satellite services including Starspeeder and Yamal Sat
CapRock Communications supply, installation, commissioning and maintainance of fixed and stabilised C and Ku band VSAT's for oil & gas, energy, mining, government & military and maritime industries
Carrier to Carrier Telecom Netherlands based provider of anchor ground-station facilities for other telco's, Tier 1 Internet Access, International Voice Switching, International and Domestic Backhauls, SCPC/MCPC/Partial- and fully-meshed networks
Casablanca Online supplier of satellite services to the Brazilian broadcast industry including: teleport, DSNGs, flyaway, fixed station, occasional uplink, post remote as well as production services including: editing, post-production, standards conversion, digital compression, streaming, studio, Eng crew, live stand-up position, OB vans
Castor Broadcasting provider of services to broadcasters from its teleports in the Netherlands: audio/video transmission services, uplink services, turn-around services, satellite capacity, occasional use services, internet streaming, simulcasting services, mediahub services
Castor Networks provider of highly reliable mission and business critical communication networks from teleport facilities in the Netherlands
CETel provider of teleport and satellite services, offering the full spectrum of communication solutions, including VSAT networks, provision of satellite capacity, up- and downlink services and fibre connections, operation, service & maintenance of satellite networks, hardware provision, broadband Internet, VoIP via satellite and consulting
Commversat affordable GPS tracking and complete two-way satellite data communications system for aerospace, marine, land-based vehicles, and SCADA applications
Comtech Mobile Datacom Corp provision of satellite-based packet data communication systems and services for the land transportation, remote sensing, utility and aviation markets
ComToNet satellite, wireless and fixed telecommunication, Internet connectivity and access, voice and data connectivity and broadcasting global solutions
Constellation Networks Corporation complete network service provider for transport of voice, data, Internet and video; specializing in global connectivity for SCPC as well as iDirect D-TDMA services; direct access to the public Internet from the satellite as well as redundant fibre to major PoP's for prime carrier access; 24/7 network monitoring, control and support of each circuit
Controlsat business unit of Orbcomm , providing fixed-asset monitoring solutions that enable customers to increase supply chain management effectiveness in the chemical industry and improve well-head maintenance in the oil and gas industry
DeltaSat provides end-to-end secure satellite delivery service for thick content distribution and media casting for corporate networks throughout Europe
DENet Telecom global communications backbone provider
GeoEye operates the OrbView-2 ocean and land multispectral imaging satellite (launched in 1997), the OrbView-3 high-resolution satellite offering one-meter panchromatic and four-meter multispectral digital imagery (launched in 2003) and a worldwide integrated image receiving, processing and distribution network; also the exclusive, worldwide distributor of imagery from Radarsat-2
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) small satellite missions offering turn-key systems for earth observation, surveillance of space, information delivery and space science; leading supplier of commercial satellite payloads, systems and subsystems including antennas, digital, microwave and power equipment for communications and remote sensing satellites
PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia (Satelinido) Indonesian private satellite operator which owns and operates the Palapa C2 satellite which provides voice, radio, data and video services and broadcast TV to the Asia Pacific region
Satelites Mexicanos (SatMex) joint venture between Loral Space & Communications, Principia and the Mexican Federal Government; delivers voice, data and video services, broadcast television, distance learning, government channels and radio; Satmex currently operates three satellites: Solidaridad 1, Solidaridad 2 and Satmex 5
Telesat Canada operates a fleet of satellites that provide broadcast distribution and telecommunications services, and is a highly respected consultant and partner in satellite ventures around the world
Telespazio operator of the Italsat series of communications satellites
MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) small satellite missions offering turn-key systems for earth observation, surveillance of space, information delivery and space science; leading supplier of commercial satellite payloads, systems and subsystems including antennas, digital, microwave and power equipment for communications and remote sensing satellites
Matra Marconi Space communications, earth observation and scientific satellites; structures and mechanisms; attitude and orbit control systems; robotics; optical communications; propulsion systems; sterling cycle cryogenic coolers; on board data handling; antennas; optics; sensors; power systems; microwave and millimetre wave components; hardened ASICs; radiometers
Mecanex high performance electro-mechanical components including: slipring brush assemblies for signal and power transmission, micro torque sensors, micro pumps, micro switches, space bioreactors, robotics, pointing positioning and tracking mechanisms
Meda satellite magnetometers for use in attitude control systems
Mega_F Motion Systems develops and markets software intensive programmable DSP based motion control products
MegaPhase ultra-precision flexible coaxial cables for testing satellite systems; space qualified coaxial cable assemblies and adapters for satellite systems
Megsat microsatellite subsystems; high efficiency solar arrays; power subsystems; mechanical devices; actuators; antennas for microsatellites
Merrimac Industries design and manufacture of Multi-Mix PICO RF Microwave components, assemblies and micro-multifunction modules (MMFM)
Metorex International solid state detectors; proportional counters; bolometers; read out electronics; x-ray windows and filters
Metrum Datatape instrumentation recorders and high performace storage devices for spacecraft
Micromega Dynamics active vibration control, high-precision guiding mechanism for optical delay lines
Microsemi Corp space and mil spec semiconductor components
Mier Comunicaciones space qualified SSPAs, receivers, LNAs, downconverters, oscillators, OBP equipment, T/R for active antennas, PCB's and Microwave hybrid modules from VHF to Ka/Ku band; custom MMIC/MHIC design.
Millitech millimetre wave amplifiers, isolators, mixers, antennas, multipliers, switches, subsystems and complete systems
Minco designs, manufactures, and markets Thermofoil™ heaters, flex circuits, sensors, instruments and integrated components for defense, aerospace and other critical applications
Motorola Satellite Communications Group developer and manufacturer of space and ground communications equipment and systems; prime contractor for the Iridium system
Oerlikon Space payload fairings for Ariane 5 and Vega launchers; ultra-lightweight, high-stability structures, precision mechanisms, and innovative products such as laser terminals for optical communication between satellites
OHB-System microgravity systems and experiment facilities; subsystems and components for manned and unmanned space systems; re-entry, aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics; small satellites for science, telecommunications and earth observation; sensors for environment observation; on board data handling and processing systems; on board software; power conditioning and distribution electronics; spacecraft harnesses
Opteon Oy computer controlled polishing of aspheric optics; polishing of lightweight silicon carbide mirrors; wavefront sensor systems for active optics; optical testing facilities
Patria Finavitec power distribution units, thermal control power electronics, computers, interfacing and processing electronics for payloads, measurement instruments; lightweight composite structures
Peregrine Semiconductor Corp designs, manufactures, and markets high-speed communications integrated circuits for the broadband fiber, wireless and satellite communications markets
Polymer Systems Technology atomic oxygen coatings; dampening fluids; debris retention coatings; electrically conductive silicone; encapsulants; fsat cure RTV adhesives; foams; grease; gels for potting; low density adhesives; optically clear silicone; pressure sensitive adhesives; thermally conductive silicone; thixotropic sealants; thixotropic adhesives
Precision Devices manufacturer of space grade TCXOs, VCXOs and clock oscillators
Pressure Systems Inc pressurant and propellant tanks for spacecraft and launch vehicles
Programmable Division, Xantrex Technology Inc manufacturer of satellite power simulation equipment - solar array simulators, battery string simulators, payload power simulators, and thermal vacuum heater power and control systems
Prototech compact, low weight, tailor made equipment housings and components for satellites and launchers; experimental modules for manned and unmanned flights; payloads and major structural componenet for sounding rockets
Saab Ericsson Space robust fault tolerant computers; modular data systems; flight software; radiation hardened microprocessor; microwave electronics (receivers, frequency converters, modulators, frequency generators); antennas (high precision reflector antennas, array elements, omnidirectional antennas, SAR antennas)
SpaceDev design, manufacture, marketing and operation of sophisticated micro and nano satellites, hybrid rocket-based orbital Maneuvering and orbital Transfer Vehicles (MTVs) as well as safe sub-orbital and orbital hybrid rocket-based propulsion systems; commercial hybrid rocket motors and small high performance space vehicles and subsystems
Space Innovations Ltd (SIL) design and manufacture of satellite subsystems and small satellites with payloads in the range 50 to 300 kg
SpaceQuest components for micro and nano satellites
Spectrolabs manufacturer of space qualified solar cells and panels
Spectrum Astro and Spectrum Astro small spacecraft buses, space electronics and power management systems, electrical ground support and ground control equipment
Stork Product Engineering ignition systems and thrusters, mechanisms and structures, power management systems, environmental control and life support
Stork Veco high tech metal precision parts with very high tolerances, including battery plates for space power supplies and evaporation masks for solar cells
Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) system integrator and supplier of small and micro-satellites; develops attitude orbit & control systems, onboard data handling units, software, propulsion systems and ground systems for testing and mission control; extensive operational experience
Swiss Space Technology design of space bound microprocessor systems and radiation hardened FPGA technology; electronics system design for space and scientific space mission analysis
Teledyne Coax space-qualified discrete coaxial switches and switch matrices
Terma electrical power management systems; attitude control electronics; small satellites; star trackers; magnetometers; on board software; satellite structures
Tesat-Spacecom GmbH design of telecommunications satellite systems and subsystems; planning, development and production of satellite subsystems and telecommunications equipment for communications satellites and earth observation satellites; EEE parts procurement agency; printed circuit boards and electroplating
TNO Space attitude sensors; precision engineering and space mechanisms; manned space and human factors (biomedical instrumentation, man-machine interfaces)
Toikka Oy development and manufacturing of microwave systems and radiometers
TransOrbital first commercial lunar mission; transportation, launch preparation, US export licensing
Tricon Veredlungs thermal insulation plastic film, gas barrier plastic films, custom made coated films
UTMC Microelectronic Systems radiation hardened memories, microcontrollers, logic and programmable logic devices, serial interfaces and gate arrays for space use
Vexcel Corporation supplier of remote sensing data processing systems, particularly synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
Vibro-Meter vibration transducers for microgravity experiments; general purpose displacement measuring systems; vibration and high resolution displacement measuring systems for space mechanisms
Xantrex Technology Inc, Programmable Division manufacturer of satellite power simulation equipment - solar array simulators, battery string simulators, payload power simulators, and thermal vacuum heater power and control systems
Aboa Space Research Oy designs and manufactures instruments and software for space environment measurements
Actel Corporation field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based on antifuse and flash technologies and embedded programmable gate arrays (EPGAs) based on SRAM technology, as well as high-performance intellectual property (IP) cores, software development tools and design services
ADR high precision and instrument ball bearings for space applications including: actuators, rotary joints, RF switches, telescope mechanisms, antenna deployment and pointing, momentum and reaction wheels, geo sensors and mission specific instruments
Advanced Modular Power Systems space flight and engineering development, payload integration, mission operations; technologies include robotics, autonomous operation, optical sensors, machine vision; advanced spacecraft power systems development
AEA Technology Space radiometric calibration sources, lithium-ion batteries, battery cell bypass devices, helical antennas, space compatible lubricants, space bearings and gears, mechanisms
AEC-Able Engineering deployable structures and special purpose mechanisms for space applications including deployable masts, solar arrays, single axis actuators, rotary structures
AeroAstro development of small, low cost spacecraft, launch vehicles and components
Aeroflex Laboratories motion products for satellites and spacecraft including actuators, gimbaled systems, point and track, stabilised platforms, brushless DC and stepping motors, gearheads, brakes, clutches, hybridised and discrete drive amplifiers, DSP based motion controllers and optical scanners
Aerojet Corporation solid rocket motors, liquid rocket propulsion systems and engines; spaceborne electro-optical, microwave and millimetre wave sensors
Aerospace Scientific industrial grade artificial intelligence software for remote sensing, robotic exploration, autonomous spacecraft, automatic email handling systems, data mining and processing, spacecraft landing systems and telecommunications
Alenia Spazio telecommunications and scientific satellites as well as pressurised modules for the International Space Station
AlliedSignal Aerospace avionics for spacecraft and manned space vehicles (internal thermal control systems, fire detection systems, carbon dioxide removal systems, berthing mechanisms); spacecraft attitude control systems (star sensors, control momentum gyros, reaction wheels, momentum wheels, gyro based attitude reference systems)
Alpha Industries space qualified semiconductors including: schottky, varactor, PIN, mis capacitors, half micron MMIC switches, attenuators, hybrid control components
Amptek hybrid preamplifiers and front end electronics for space instrumentation; thermoelectrically cooled X-ray and gamma-ray detectors; plasma analysers; custom high voltage supplies
AMS Technologies distributor of space qualified components including: mulitlayer ceramic capacitors, microfuses, solid body fuses, high voltage power supplies
Anabond adhesives and sealants for use in space related applications; producers of HTPB resins used in solid propellant
Analog Devices space qualified precision high performance linear, mixed signal and digital inegrated circuits
Austrian Aerospace digital signal processing electronics, mechanisms and multilayer insulation for spacecraft as well as electrical and mechanical ground support equipment
Axon Cable Inc data bus harnesses for on-board satellite, launcher and space station applications
Aydin Telemetry distributed data acquisition systems, telemetry systems and data links for aircraft, missiles, unmanned vehicles and space vehicles
AZ Technology satellite and spacecraft paints/coatings with tailored thermal control and conductive properties; laboratory portable instruments for measuring optical properties; measurement and testing services on coatings including within a vacuum chamber; related engineering and IT services
Betatronix Inc potentiometers for space and launch vehicle applications
BF Goodrich Aerospace and BF Goodrich Aerospace digital telemetry and command systems; power systems; sequencers; timers; digital memory devices; radiation effects analysis; thermal and power management; data acquisition systems; attitude control systems
Bliley Technologies engineering and manufacturer of quartz crystal oscillators for space, military, and commercial applications; OCXO, TCXO, VCXO, and precision frequency control products
Boeing Space and Communications manned and unmanned space vehicles and supporting hardware; prime contractor for the US modules of the International Space Station; space surveillance
Bradford Engineering development and manufacturing of state-of-the-art satellite propulsion and thermal control systems
Canopus Systems Inc sensor based, space qualified instrumentation systems including miniature accelerometers and microaccelerometers systems for on-orbit microgravity characterisation, aerodynamic and upper atmosphere research and in-space propulsion diagnostics
Carleton Technologies Inc high pressure stored gas systems; pneumatic life support components for the Space Shuttle and International Space Station
Carlo Gavazzi Space ISS utilisation, instrumentation and processors for scientific and application payloads, instruments for microgravity experiments, small satellites, attitude control and modelling, mission analysis, on-board automation
Cedrat Technologies mechanisms for space applications; piezoelectric actuators
Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM) systems engineeering and design, mechanical engineering, wavefront engineering, micro-imagers, robotic systems, optical systems for high accuracy pointing, smart structures for artificial damping of vibrations, micro/nano technologies for small satellites
Charles Stark Draper Laboratory guidance, navigation and control systems; sensor, actuator and data management systems; advanced inertial systems; attitude control; energy storage; fibre optic gyros
Cincinnati Electronics Corporation TT&C transponders; command receivers; real time IR cameras; radiometers; IR detector and focal plane arrays; hybrid microcircuits
Clyde Space off-the-shelf and bespoke subsystem solutions for small satellites: spacecraft power systems, small satellite battery systems, digital and analogue systems, and R&D and consultancy services
Coherent Tutcore production of compound semiconductor materials, optoelectronic devices and laser systems
COM DEV Europe passive microwave devices, ferrite devices, active microwave devices, analogue and digital electronics
Componeering software for the analysis and design of composite laminates and laminated structural elements
Composite Optics Inc spacecraft structures including: solar array substrates, tubes
Composite Technology Development adhesives, insulation, coatings and resins for composites for cryogenic, high temperature and other harsh environments
EADS CASA Espacio CFRP structures, robotics, communications and radiometry antennas, phased array antennas, harnesses for spacecraft
Eagle-Picher Technologies Ni-H2 cells for spacecraft; spacecraft power subsystems; solar array components; power conditioning electronics
Eastman Kodak Company, Commercial and Government Systems spaceborne integrated imaging systems (optical, infra red, X-ray), CCD imaging sensors, large spaceborne optical mirrors and assemblies, photographic film for space use, spaceborne automatic film processing laboratories, specialised cameras for use in vacuum and in manned missions
Eaton Corporation and Eaton Corporation pressure regulators; relief valves; check valves; cryogenic valves and disconects; latching valves; solenoid valves; torque motor valves, thruster valves
EDO Corporation horizon crossing indicators; static earth sensors; sun sensors
EMS Technologies ferrite control components and subsystems; pin diode and MMIC switch matrices; phased arrays; beam forming networks; multiple beam antennas; solid state power amplifiers; space based power converters; power distribution equipment; Ka band components
EREMS electronic equipment for spacecraft including power conversion, measurement electronics, low noise amplifiers, management and control electronics, video tape recorders, eloctronics for medical measurements
Honeywell Inc guidance, navigation and control systems for launch vehicles and spacecraft; data handling management and processing systems; space instrumentation and sensors; on board data processors; display systems; flight and engine controls for manned space flight; satellite mechanisms; precision inertial instruments; radiation hardened memories; re-entry vehicles; reaction wheel assemblies; antenna pointing systems
HTS antennas; robotics; structures and mechanisms; EVA operable interfaces; mechanical ground support equipment; scientific experimental modules; scientific instruments; composite struts and tubes
ILC Dover Inc space suits; flexible, inflatable composite space structures including solar and radar arrays, booms, trusses and antennas; airbags for the soft landing of planetary probes; TransHab inflatable space habitation module
IMEC infra red sensors and arrays; detector arrays
Instrumentation Technology Associates hardware and flight opportunities for biomedical microgravity research in the areas of protein crystal growth, microencapsulation of drugs and collagen research
The International Space Propulsion Group of Companies provider of comprehensive suite of space propulsion services to industry, including engineering consultancy, production and test support, chemical propellant provision and launch support services, procurement support, legal and safety advisory support and training
Interpoint Corporation miniature hybrid DC to DC power conversion modules; miniature EMI filters
Interpoint UK miniature hybrid DC to DC power conversion modules; miniature EMI filters
Intersil Corporation manufacturer of space qualified integrated circuits and discrete semiconductors
IOT Systems in-orbit test (IOT) systems and services, payload R&D, systems simulation, payload simulators, satellite and earth station integration and test
Ithaco Inc Earth horizon sensors; electromagnetic torquers; reaction and momentum wheels; magnetometers; sun sensors
ITT Aerospace and ITT Aerospace Navstar-GPS, imaging systems for meteorlogical and earth resources satellites
Jena-Optronik and Jena-Optronik active and passive optical sensor systems and instruments; orbit and attitude measurement sensors (sun sensors, star sensors, pattern recognition sensors, rendez vous and docking sensors)
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In de afgelopen eeuw zijn slechts 15 elfstedentochten verreden. Er waren 38
winterse perioden waarin het ijs dik genoeg was. Niet iedere
mogelijkheid is benut omdat de organisatoren lang van tevoren moeten
weten of het ijs dik genoeg wordt. De kwaliteit van de
weersverwachtingen en het vertrouwen erin spelen hier een rol.
De verwachte temperatuurtoename in Nederland zal de kans op koude
perioden verkleinen. Uitgaande van de gegevens over de 20e eeuw kan een
schatting worden gemaakt van het aantal te verwachten elfstedentochten
in de 21e eeuw. Bij gelijkblijvende verhouding tussen benutte en
onbenutte kansen levert dat het volgende beeld op.
Elfsteden- tochten
Geschikte koude- perioden
20e eeuw
15
38
21e eeuw IPCC laag
10
26
21e eeuw IPCC hoog
4
10
Tabel: Schatting van het aantal elfstedentochten en
geschikte koudeperioden in de 21e eeuw, op basis van de uitersten van
de IPCC-projecties, onder aanname van gelijkblijvende verhouding
tussen benutte en onbenutte kansen.
Er zijn minder elfstedentochten te verwachten, tenzij de
kwaliteit van de weersverwachtingen en het vertrouwen verder kan worden
verbeterd.
WAP toepassing voor het weergeven van Buienradar.nl neerslag-radarbeelden
op je mobiele telefoon of PDA.
Ideaal voor het voorspellen van neerslag
voor landbouw, evenementen, buitenactiviteiten, watersport en (onweer)
chase / chases.
Je kunt deze extensie via bijv. GPRS opvragen. De kosten voor wat
betreft dataverkeer zijn laag; Het raadplegen van een radarbeeld (animatie) kost tussen de 4 en 25
KB aan dataverkeer voor een radarbeeld met 5 frames.
Mogelijkheden v1:
Algemeen overzicht beeld NL
Zoom beeld van 8 regio's in Nederland en 3 regio's in België gewoon
1:1 zoom
Naast regio's mogelijkheid om een postcode (alleen NL) als
middelpunt te gebruiken
Plaatsen (gele punten) worden door / over de neerslag heen
getoond (dus altijd zichtbaar, goede oritatie)
(animated) GIF bestand
Keuze uit 1 tot 13 (=60 min) frames animatie (animated GIF)
Kleine GIF bestanden (4 tot 25 KB bij 5 frames, afhankelijk van de
hoeveelheid neerslag)
Intro pagina geeft status laatste beeld aan, zodat je kunt zien of
er een (recent) radarbeeld beschikbaar is
Normaal (122 x 96p) en groot (244 x 192p) formaat afbeelding
Dit programma is succesvol getest op een groot aantal telefoons.
Het adres
Om de extensie te gebruiken, voer dit adres in in je telefoon (alleen
geschikt voor mobiele telefoon browsers):
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Toekomstverkenning CO2 Nederland tot 2020
Toekomstverkenning CO2 Nederland tot 2020
Uit een studie van het Milieu en Natuur Planbureau (MNP) en het
Energie Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) blijkt dat in Nederland
een reductie van de CO2 uitstoot in 2020 met 15% technisch haalbaar is,
maar dat bestaande politieke plannen niet afdoende zijn.
In bovenstaande figuur is de ontwikkeling van de CO2-emissie onder
invloed van het Global Economy scenario tegen de verschillende
indicatieve doelstellingen afgebeeld. Het GE-scenario laat zien wat de
CO2-emissie in 2020 zal zijn, wanneer er niet via aanvullende
beleidsmaatregelen gestreefd wordt naar reductie.
In dat scenario zou de totale emissie van Nederland overeenkomen met 251
Megaton CO2-equivalent.
Om te komen tot scenario 220, dat streeft naar
een stabilisatieniveau vanaf 2010, moet een reductie van 31 Megaton
CO2-eq bereikt worden.
Voor het 200-scenario, dat streeft naar 6% reductie tov 1990, is een
totale reductie van de CO2-emissie van 51 Megaton vereist, en voor het
180-scenario, met 15% reductie in het verlengde van het Kyotoprotocol,
is een reductie van 71 Megaton CO2-eq vereist.
Energiebesparing en extra kernenergie spelen in alle
scenario's een belangrijke rol,
terwijl CO2-opslag en grootschalig gebruik van duurzame energiebronnen
pas een belangrijke rol spelen in het 180-scenario, met de relatief
sterke reductie van de CO2-emissie ten opzichte van het basisjaar.
Het rapport stelt verder dat een stijging van de olieprijs boven de
verwachte prijs van 40 dollar per vat geen directe invloed heeft op het
optiepakket aan emissiereducerende beleidsmaatregelen. Wel kan een
verdere stijging van de olieprijs de optiepakketten relatief goedkoper
maken, vooral omdat maatregelen met betrekking tot efficiëntie dan meer
zullen opleveren,
Een ander gevolg van een hoger dan verwachte olieprijs kan een
herwaardering van energieopwekking in steenkoolcentrales zijn, die het
behalen van emissiedoelstellingen in de toekomst eventueel kunnen
bemoeilijken.
Zonder emissiebeperkend beleid wordt de CO2 uitstoot volledig door
economische factoren bepaald. De studie gaat uit van een actueel
scenario voor economische ontwikkeling van "relatief hoge economische
groei, hoge bevolkingsgroei, resulterend in een hoog energiegebruik en
hoge emissies", het GEact-scenario.
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ozon
Ozon
De ozonlaag is een laag waarin relatief veel van het gas ozon (O3)
voorkomt, tussen de 15 en 30 km hoog, ofwel het onderste deel van de
stratosfeer.
Ozon kan ultraviolette straling van de zon neutraliseren. Ultraviolette
straling beschadigd celstructuren en DNA, zonder de bescherming van de
ozonlaag zouden vrijwel alle organismen op aarde sterven.
In het IPCC/TEAP Special Report voor bescherming van de ozonlaag wordt
het effect van het Montreal Protocol geanalyseerd. Door sterk
verminderde uitstoot van ozonafbrekende stoffen is de dikte van de
ozonlaag tegenwoordig stabiel.
In bovenstaande figuur is de verwachte ontwikkeling van de ozonlaag
weergegeven voor de periode tot 2050, als afwijking van de waarde voor
de dikte in 1980. Ondanks het in werking treden van het Montreal
Protocol in 1989 en daarop volgende emissiebeperkingen, is de ozonlaag
in de jaren '90 nog dunner geworden.
Dat is het gevolg van de grote halfwaardetijd van onder andere CFK's.
Inmiddels is een niveau van stabilisatie bereikt waarbij de ozonlaag
niet structureel dunner wordt. Wel is de dikte van de ozonlaag
onderhevig aan seizoensfluctuatie en natuurlijke schommelingen van jaar
tot jaar onder invloed van het weer. De afbraak van ozon verloopt
sneller bij koude temperaturen, waardoor de ozonlaag dunner is na de
winter en relatief dik aan het einde van de zomer. Als de temperatuur in
de stratosfeer een aantal jaren relatief laag uitvalt kan dat de dikte
van de ozonlaag sterk beinvloeden. Om die reden kan ook (tijdelijk)
sprake zijn van een lokaal "ozongat", een duidelijke verdunning, zoals
in de jaren '90 gemeten boven de Zuidpool.
Het IPCC verwacht dat de ozonlaag zich, dankzij de emissiebeperkingen,
in de toekomst zal herstellen. Volgens de grafiek zal de ozonlaag in het
gunstigste geval in 2026 weer op de dikte van 1980 zijn, maar het
volledige herstel kan in een slechter scenario ook nog duren tot ver na
2050.
"There is no bigger problem than climate change. The threat is quite
simple, it's a threat to our civilization".
Professor Sir David King was appointed as the Government's Chief
Scientific Adviser and Head of the Office of Science and Technology in
October 2000. Born in South Africa in 1939, and after an early career at
the University of Witwatersrand, Imperial College and the University of
East Anglia, he became the Brunner Professor of Physical Chemistry at
the University of Liverpool in 1974. In 1988, he was appointed 1920
Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge and
subsequently became Master of Downing College (1995-2000), and Head of
the University Chemistry Department (1993-2000).
The Climate Group spoke to Professor King at the Office of Science and
Technology on June 28th 2004.
At what level do you think we are capable of stabilising CO2
emissions, and at what level do you believe they will, in fact, be
stabilised?
The classic warming period level of carbon dioxide is around 270 parts
per million [ppm]. The classic ice age level is 200-220 ppm. We are
currently at 379ppm and rising at 2 to 3 ppm per annum. So it is already
quite bad news, and therefore the answer to the question, 'where would
we like to be?' is, 'not where we are now'. But given where we are now
we ought to settle on a level of carbon dioxide that is ultimately
realistic, and a realistic level might be 550 ppm. 550 ppm is going to
be quite tough globally to achieve, particularly with developing
countries' increasing need for energy, and with a global population
currently 6.2 billion, and probably going up to 9 billion people by
2050. Unfortunately, the latest research is indicating that if we are to
avoid sudden climate change events it is very difficult to calculate
the levels at which those effects may switch in. And it may be that 450
ppm is already at a level where that becomes a problem. So if we were
sitting here saying we could turn off emissions tomorrow, I would be
saying 400-450 ppm. But being realistic, 550 ppm is probably still the
right level to be targeting.
Do you think we'll make that?
What I'm saying is we have to aim for a level which I think we can make,
and which we jolly well have to make.
Are we on track to make it?
No we're not. We need an enormous amount of action to make it. The UK is
possibly the only country that is currently meeting the Kyoto
requirements, and yet our government has announced that Kyoto is not
nearly enough. So I think that we will have to see a massive change in
attitude and policy around the world.
What are the impacts relating to the 550 stabilisation level?
First of all, at 379ppm we have already experienced a 0.6-0.8 degree
temperature rise and we are already observing the impacts of that. There
is an analysis which demonstrates that the very hot summer that we had
in Europe last year is a global warming effect. 26,000 deaths, 12
billion estimated costs to the built environment, big increases in the
insurance claims, that's just one example of the effect of global
warming and how it's already impacting us.
But these impacts
are nothing compared with what is going to happen. 16 of the 19 biggest
cities in the world are all sitting on coastlines and are very much at
risk as sea levels rise, and as storms increase. By 2050 we may see
something in the region of 50-250 million people displaced from their
homes. Unfortunately, many of the worst impacts will occur in countries
that can least afford to protect themselves. For example, Africa is very
likely to suffer from a radical increase in desertification.
So, all round, quite severe impacts even if we maintain a level of
carbon dioxide of 550ppm. If we go on consuming fossil fuels without
regard to carbon dioxide emissions as we are now, then the impacts will
be more severe than I've been talking about.
The biggest impact, let me say it now, is going to be if the Greenland
ice-sheet melts, which would mean sea-level rises of 6-7 metres. Now
that's going to take a long time, but it's likely that a temperature
rise of around 3°C is going to be sufficient to kick off the melting of
the Greenland ice sheet, and that in itself means that in the longer
term, perhaps 500, perhaps 1000 years, we will lose all of those major
global cities. The cost of dealing with those impacts is massive.
What about the costs of taking action?
Earlier this year, the Office of Science and Technology published its
report on the increased flood risks to the UK over the next 50-80 years.
There are 2 conclusions to that report. One is that even in the best
scenario of CO2 emissions globally it's going to cost us an enormous
amount to manage risks to homes from being flooded at their present
level. But if we have the worst emissions scenario, that's a business as
usual scenario, the cost becomes prohibitively high, and we will be
writing off areas of the country as flood plains. It is very clear,
therefore, that it's much better to spend a pound on reducing emissions
than trying to spend a pound on the consequences of emitting. It's true
for the UK, it's true for every other country, and we are working hard
to get that message across.
How important is leadership from governments and businesses on this
issue?
What is critically important is that governments are recognising the
need to act together. We need global acceptance of an ultimate level of
carbon dioxide that we will aim to maintain the globe at. And we need
then to put in place measures to make sure that we don't exceed that
level. This is going to require first of all agreement from all G8
countries, and in the second round, we must bring on India, China and
the developing world. So, that in itself is absolutely crucial. But of
course in getting to that stage we are engaging with many companies
around the world. And in the UK we've been very successful in engaging
with a number of companies who have now committed to reducing emissions
in their own operations, and interestingly amongst those are the big oil
companies. I think that's important in this phase when we're trying to
get global understanding and acceptance of the magnitude of the problem.
I think 2 countries are leading at the moment; the UK and Germany. The
UK is saying, we will reduce our emissions by 60% by 2050, and we're not
waiting for other countries to come on board. We will do it, and we're
setting out a road map to achieve it. In Germany, their target is now
50% by 2050. What we need to see though, is in the immediate future,
Russia, Australia and the United States signing up to Kyoto, so we can
move on introducing carbon trading. Carbon trading provides the global
mechanism for, in a fair way, achieving emissions reduction. Carbon
trading will begin in Europe next year and I think that's again a big
step forward. But no, nobody yet is doing enough. But the British
government is taking a strong leadership role.
Is carbon trading the most important policy instrument?
I think that the most important drivers are economic regulatory drivers.
What this specifically means is internalising the external cost. Here
the external cost is the cost to the environment of emitting carbon
dioxide, so any emitter gets charged the additional cost associated with
that. That is an important driver. And we also have to look very
carefully at how local economies are affected. So it's not just how much
carbon dioxide you are emitting, but what the easiest way to reduce
emissions is without hurting the economy. So, for example, easy wins are
in the built environment which takes up something like 60% of the
energy of the grid. We can design homes and buildings in a way that
conserves energy considerably better than we are today, and without much
increased cost in terms of putting those houses up. The difficult areas
are air transport for example. So, I think that the increased costs
have to be borne in a differential way, we can't treat this as just one
common factor.
Do we need to highlight the win-wins more?
There are many win-win situations which The Climate Group is right to
draw attention to. Businesses save money through energy efficiency.
Anyone who drives a car with a better fuel economy is also saving money.
The new hybrid engine car driven in London would produce 65 miles per
gallon, and that would be taxi driver type service, compared with a
normal car producing 25 miles per gallon. You're producing less carbon
dioxide and you're paying less for the fuel. There are also advantages
for businesses, especially the producers of new devices, for getting
into these new technologies early.
But we have to keep coming back to the same point; that increased
impacts mean that the cost for all of us is going to go up. And these
costs have to be borne globally by all societies. And I think what
people really worry about is that if one country gets involved and
others don't we will lose our competitive edge. And so I come back to
the overall imperative which is to get all countries acting together.
What are the technological priorities for making progress?
The answer to the question depends very much on the timescale that
you're looking at. So, for example, I am very excited by the current
state of nuclear fusion research internationally. I think that all the
science is there, that fusion power stations will be developed in the
future. I think we're still 35 years away from having power stations
which are commercial. But once that happens we will have a power source
with no radioactive waste, that works with lithium and deuterium of
which there is an abundance in the earth. We could probably keep
powering the requirements even of our 9 billion population that will be,
for several thousand years. And that in the longer term has to be a
very important goal.
But in the shorter term I think a broad menu approach is required. We
must look at carbon dioxide sequestration; we must look at alternative
energy sources such as tidal energy, wave energy. I think work on the
hydrogen fuel economy, hydrogen fuel cells, production and storage of
hydrogen are key factors. We must also look at 4th generation nuclear
fission. We're talking here about the world's biggest problem, and we
need to put all our resources into switching from fossil fuels, where
our dependency lies totally at the moment, to alternatives to fossil
fuel. We must also press very hard on energy efficiency gains.
Is the climate change message currently being communicated
effectively?
I think the climate change message can be difficult to get across. We
all enjoy warm summers, and we look forward to the possibility of better
British wines! We also all know that extreme climate events always
happen, so you get a long hot summer in Europe as in 2003 and very few
people suffering from it actually think of it as a global warming event.
I'm afraid one thinks of a frog boiler. You put a frog in cool water
and slowly warm the water up, and the frog just thinks it's lovely and
doesn't jump out until it dies. But if you toss the frog into hot water
it leaps out very quickly. I'm afraid we are in a frog boiler situation.
The warming up is so slow that we're not complaining about it, even
though the effects are quite dramatic.
So what should we be doing to get the message through?
Recently, I gave a review of the film The Day After Tomorrow. I did this
for the very simple reason that I think the film raises the issue of
climate change. And using opportunities like this is just one example of
how we can move on this issue, and we must. We've got to take every
opportunity.
Fundamentally, there are some very, very simple messages to get across.
Throughout every ice age for the last 800,000 years we know that carbon
dioxide levels were about 200 ppm, and throughout every warm period for
the last 800,000 years they were about 260ppm. Because of our use of
fossil fuel we've broken that ice age / warm period cycle. We are now
moving into the first hot period for 800,000 years. This is not too
difficult a message to get through.
Is this one of the key issues you want to act on in your role as Head
of the UK's Office of Science and Technology?
I don't know about want to, I am acting. Since I took the job in October
2000 this has been the focus for the simple reason that this is the
biggest problem facing us globally this century. There is no bigger
problem. The threat is quite simple; it's a threat to our civilisation.
Nuclear power and genetically modified food have never been popular
with traditional environmentalists. But these are necessities of the
future, if we as a whole wish to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions,
according to a leading scientist at the Beyond Kyoto conference
He made clear that if the
climate challenges are not taken seriously, it could have dire
consequences:
What is going to happen unless we take hand on the situation is that
conflict is going to be a method of solution.
The worlds population is expected to reach 9 billion people in 2050.
King stated, that unless a more unified front in the struggle for
securing global resources is made and resource management on a global
scale is implemented, invasion of other countries motivated by a desire
to secure energy supplies might well be the future.
Future historians might look back on our recent past and see the
Iraq war as the first of the conflicts of this kind - the first
resource war.
King, 69, a former Chief Scientific Adviser to the former British
Prime Minister Tony Blair and co-author of the book The Hot Topic, was
one of the key note speakers at the Beyond Kyoto conference in Århus.
According to King, technology is already available to produce more
crop per drop. The world has had two green revolutions since 1965, but
now needs a third one. On a global scale, a 55% increase in current food
production needs to occur by 2050. This could only happen with
genetically modified crops and food products.
Rice genetically modified to survive up to 4 months completely submerged
in water has already been developed and should be on the market next
year, but could have been available 10 years ago if the general public
were more inclined.
We have to re-gear our thinking completely to meet the global
challenges. All of those processes that helped our industry and economy
in the 20th century are no longer valid let me just say, yes we have to
examine climate change, but remember please, [that this must happen]
alongside all the other issues resulting from our increasing
population.
Bron oorspronkelijk artikel: The Climate Group, Interview with Professor
King at the Office of Science and Technology
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PCC Temperatuurvoorspelling 2020.
IPCC Temperatuurvoorspelling 2020.
Het IPCC
staat voor het Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, een
internationaal orgaan, dat is ontstaan uit de
Wereld Meteorologische Organisatie (WMO) en het Milieubureau van de VN,
het UNEP en het werkt samen met alle grote
meteorologische organisaties, waaronder het KNMI.
De
meetgegevens en voorspellingen van het IPCC vormen de grondslag van
het Kyoto-protocol.
Het IPCC beheert een website voor hun Data
Distribution
Centre.
Daar presenteren ze de meetgegevens voor de huidige klimaatontwikkeling
en de voorspellingen voor toekomstprojecties met betrekking tot de
ontwikkeling van neerslag en temperatuur.
Met behulp van een interactief systeem wordt de bezoeker in staat
gesteld zelf klimaatvoorspellingen te maken.
In onderstaande tabel zijn gemiddelde
temperatuurstijgingen voor Noordpool,
Groenland, Nederland en Antarctica weergegeven.
Vrijwel alle modellen voorspellen temperatuurstijgingen boven de Noordpool en verwachten de
zwakste temperatuurstijging boven Antarctica.
In 2020
zal de
temperatuur op de Noordpool het sterkst zijn gestegen, gemiddeld 3,2
graden ten opzichte van 1990.
De luchttemperatuur boven
Groenland zal met 1,7 graden stijgen.
Voor Nederland wordt een
temperatuurstijging van 1,6 graden verwacht en voor Antarctica een
stijging van
1,1 graden Celsius.
Wel moet vermeld worden dat de temperatuurstijging
steeds opvallend lager was voor lucht boven
de kustwateren van Antartica.
Dat is van invloed op de smeltextensie van
het zeeijs.
Opvallend is dat de gebieden met de hoogst voorspelde
temperatuurstijging, de Noordpool en Groenland, ook de grootste
onzekerheid in de
voorspelling hebben, getuige de relatief hoge standaarddeviatie tussen
de verschillende GCM's.
Op basis van het IPCC wordt
een minimale gemiddelde temperatuurstijging verwacht boven de Noordpool
van 2 graden en maximaal 4 graden.
Voor het gebied ten noorden van de Beringzee en ten noorden
van Siberie worden de grootste stijgingen verwacht, dit is teken van
een grotere
invloed van warm oceaanwater van de Grote en de Atlantische oceaan.
Het
ontstaan van een open water verbinding tussen beide oceanen wordt steeds aannemelijker.
In 4 van de 23 GCM-scenario's wordt boven Groenland de kritieke
gemiddelde temperatuurstijging van 2,7 graden al in 2020 benaderd of
overschreden.
In de scenario's waarin dat nog niet het geval is, komt een dergelijke
temperatuurstijging lokaal wel voor, meestal aan de west- of aan de
noordkust.
Bovenstaande figuur toont het data plot voor het GCM CSIRO/B2a.
Duidelijk is de verwachte sterke temperatuurstijging boven het Arctische
gebied en de zwakke
stijging boven Antartica.
Met name het gebied ten noorden van Alaska en
ten noorden van Siberie zullen in dit plot sterk opwarmen.
De
voorspellingen
ten aanzien van Groenland zijn onzeker.
Bronnen:
- IPCC 2001, Third Assessment Report.
- Gregory, J.M., P. Huybrechts, and S.C.B. Raper, 2004: Threatened loss
of the Greenland ice sheet. Nature, 428, 616.
De snelle temperatuurstijging van de afgelopen 15 jaren zet niet in
hetzelfde tempo door als verwacht maar Nederland wordt wel steeds warmer. In 2050
zal de gemiddelde temperatuur ongeveer 0,9 tot 2,8 graden hoger liggen dan in
1990 en ook na 2050 zal de temperatuur in Nederland steeds blijven stijgen.
De
winters worden gemiddeld natter, de zomers wel droger, maar de
kans op extreme neerslag neemt dan wel toe.
KNMI 06 scenario's
Het KNMI heeft in 2006 de klimaatscenario's reeds gepresenteerd
voor de ontwikkeling van het klimaat in Nederland in de toekomst. Om een
indruk te geven van het bereik van mogelijke uitkomsten,
hanteert het KNMI een indeling met vier klimaatscenario's.
De klimaatvoorspellingen per scenario zijn tot stand gekomen met
gebruikmaking van computermodellen (General
Circulation Models, of GCM's) die ook door het IPCC gebruikt worden
voor de berekening van hun aanstaande klimaatrapport, Assessment
Report No. 4 (AR4), dat in 2007 zal verschijnen.
Op basis van de uitkomsten van het vorige IPCC-rapport, het Third
Assessment Report (TAR), uit 2001, heeft het KNMI de scenario's op
temperatuur ingedeeld: De scenario's G en G+ zijn gematigd en gaan uit
van een wereldwijde temperatuurstijging tot 2050 van 1 graad. De
scenario's W en W+ gaan uit van een warmer klimaat met een wereldwijde
temperatuurstijging van 2 graden.
In de nieuwe klimaatstudie laat het KNMI voor het eerst ook een
mogelijke verandering van de luchtstromingspatronen boven West-Europa
zien, zoals uit enkele modellen naar voren komt. Scenario's G+ en
W+ gaan uit van significant verschillende luchtstromingen in zowel
zomer als winter, terwijl scenario's G en W uitgaan van een ongewijzigde
situatie.
Temperatuurstijging
De specifieke GCM-berekeningen voor Nederland laten in alle scenario's
een temperatuurstijging zien, met een klein verschil tussen zomer en
winter.
De grafiek laat de ontwikkeling van de wintertemperatuur zien
in de Bilt tussen 1900 en 2100.
De verwachte stijging van de wintertemperatuur tussen 1990 en 2050
bedraagt 0,9 tot 2,3 graden.
Na 2050 zet de temperatuurstijging onverminderd voort.
Tot het jaar 2100 zal de Nederlandse wintertemperatuur afhankelijk van
het scenario met 1,8 tot 4,7 graden toenemen.
Volgens de nieuwe berekeningen is het bereik van plausibele waarden voor
de zomertemperatuur iets groter dan voor de wintertemperatuur: in het
scenario met de grootste temperatuurstijging (W+) wordt uitgegaan van
een temperatuur die in 2050 gemiddeld 2,8 graden hoger zal liggen dan in
1990. Het laagste scenario gaat ook voor de zomertemperatuur uit van
een stijging van 0,9 graden.
Ook de stijging van de zomertemperatuur zal volgens het KNMI in de
periode tussen 2050 en 2100 onverminderd doorgaan. In het jaar 2100 is
het 's zomers gemiddeld 1,8 tot 5,7 graden warmer dan in 1990.
Tussen 1990 en 2005 is de gemiddelde temperatuur in Nederland met meer
dan 0,5 graden gestegen. Extrapolatie van die trend doet verwachten dat
de gemiddelde temperatuur in Nederland rond 2050 minstens twee graden
hoger zal liggen. Alhoewel een dergelijke temperatuurstijging volgens de
nieuwe berekeningen mogelijk wordt geacht, ligt dat hoog in het bereik
van mogelijke waarden. Het KNMI gaat er vanuit dat de
temperatuurstijging tussen 1990 en 2005 door natuurlijke schommelingen
iets hoger uit viel dan in de structurele langetermijn ontwikkeling.
Grafieken
In de grafieken is duidelijk te zien dat de scenario's die uitgaan van
een veranderd luchtstromingspatroon (G+ en W+), een hogere waarde voor
de temperatuur opleveren dan de overeenkomende scenario's die uitgaan
van een gelijkblijvend luchtstromingspatroon (respectievelijk G en W).
Neerslag
De voorspelling van de te verwachten gemiddelde hoeveelheid neerslag is
minder eenduidig dan voor de ontwikkeling van temperatuur geldt. Alle
scenario's gaan uit van een toename van de neerslag in de winter, twee
scenario's wijzen op een lichte toename van de neerslag in de zomer,
terwijl de andere twee (G+ en W+) juist een flinke afname van de
zomerneerslag laten zien.
Opvallend is wederom de invloed van een veranderde luchtstroming in het
model. Volgens scenario's G+ en W+ zorgt een mogelijke verandering van
het luchtstromingspatroon boven West-Europa voor een lichte toename van
de neerslag in de winter en een forse afname van de neerslag in de
zomer, waardoor perioden van droogte vaker kunnen voorkomen, met
mogelijk grote gevolgen voor landbouw en natuurbeheer. Ook in de andere
scenario's (G en W) neemt het neerslagtekort toe. De totale hoeveelheid
neerslag stijgt in die scenario's weliswaar, ook in de zomer, maar de
spreiding wordt naar verwachting ongunstiger, met meer neerslagextremen.
Rapportage van het Milieu- en
Natuurplanbureau wordt op basis van kaarten met
grootschalige concentraties van diverse luchtverontreinigende stoffen
voor Nederland een overzicht gepresenteerd van de huidige en toekomstige
luchtkwaliteit.
Het rapport is gebaseerd op de metingen van concentraties en
modelberekeningen aan de hand van het Nederlandse en Europese
emissiebeleid en de nieuwste gegevens voor het verkeersvolume van de
Welvaart en Leefomgevingstudie (WLO).
Stikstofdioxide
In de figuur is de verwachte ontwikkeling van de
stikstofdioxideconcentratie voor Nederland tussen 2005 en 2010
weergegeven.
De belangrijkste bron van stikstofdioxide (NO2) in
Nederland is het wegverkeer.
Door maatregelen in het verkeer (schonere
motoren, katalysator), de industrie en energiesector is de concentratie
van stikstofdioxide sinds begin jaren negentig langzaam aan het dalen geweest. maar voor een deel wordt de daling teniet gedaan door een toename van het
wegverkeer.
Tussen 2005 en 2010 wordt volgens het rapport een verdere, lichte afname
van de concentratie NO2 boven Nederland verwacht maar toch zal ook in 2010 op veel plaatsen de norm aanzienlijk worden overtreden met name in de randstad.
Ozon, fijnstof, zwaveldioxide
Stikstofdioxide is samen met ozon (O3), fijnstof, en zwaveldioxide (SO2)
verantwoordelijk voor de luchtverontreiniging die bekend staat als
smog.
In de figuur is de verwachte ontwikkeling van de
concentraties voor NO2, fijnstof, ozon en SO2 tot 2020 weergegeven.
Omdat blootstelling aan hoge concentraties NO2 nadelig is voor de
gezondheid is een EU-grenswaarde ingesteld van 40 microgram NO2 per
kubieke meter lucht.
Deze grenswaarde wordt in delen van West-, Midden-
en Zuid-Nederland overtreden.
Uit de grafieken blijkt dat de concentratie van NO2, fijnstof en SO2 tot
2020 enigszins zal dalen, terwijl de ozonconcentratie boven Nederland
volgens de voorspelling juist zal toenemen.
Volgens de nieuwe verkenning van het MNP zal de gemiddelde
NO2-concentratie boven Nederland afnemen tot ongeveer 16 µg per m3. De
vorige studie, uit 2005, ging nog uit van een concentratie van ongeveer
18 µg per kubieke meter lucht. Met aanvullende beleidsmaatregelen zou de
concentratie NO2 evenwel nog aanzienlijk kunnen worden verlaagd.
De fijnstofconcentratie zal volgens de nieuwe inzichten tot 2020
enigszins dalen, terwijl de vorige studie nog uitging van een forse
stijging. Lees meer over de daling
van de fijnstofconcentratie in het speciale artikel.
Volgens de nieuwe voorspelling zal de
ozonconcentratie tussen 2005 en 2020 met meer dan 6 µg per m3 toenemen,
een iets pessimistischer beeld dan in de vorige studie, toen nog werd
uitgegaan van een hogere beginconcentratie. Opvallend genoeg hebben
aanvullende beleidsmaatregelen een averechts effect. Dat zou kunnen
komen doordat de maatregelen zich voornamelijk richten op beperking van
de uitstoot van stikstofdioxide en, gepaard, stikstofmonoxide (NO).
Terwijl NO2 de vorming van ozon stimuleert, draagt NO juist bij aan de
afbraak. Een verlaging van de concentratie NO kan daarom leiden tot een
verhoging van de concentratie ozon, zie de volgende evenwichtsreactie:
NO2 + O2 (+UV-licht van de zon, + warmte) <--> NO + O3 (Bron:
irceline.be/ozonvragen)
De concentratie SO2 komt in het nieuwe rapport van het MNP in 2020
ongeveer uit op dezelfde als in de verkenning van 2005, maar omdat de
beginwaarde enigszins naar boven is bijgesteld, zal er de komende jaren
toch sprake zijn van een geleidelijke afname. Aanvullende maatregelen
kunnen deze afname nog aanzienlijk versterken.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Klimaat Tags:voorspelling luchtkwaliteit nederland,ozon, smog,concentratiekaarten,de ontwikkeling van de stikstofdioxideconcentratie voor Nederland tussen 2005 en 2010
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:weer grafieken Tags:De buienindex dekkingsgraad toont hoeveel procent van Nederland of van een provincie bedekt is met buien. De index wordt iedere 5 minuten bijgewerkt. Verwant aan de buienindex is de buienindex zwaartegraad. Deze toont de relatieve hoeveelheid neerslag tov
Door
de hoge temperaturen ontwikkelen de pollen zich
snel.
Vooral de in het hele land bloeiende Gewone essen, Populieren en
Wilgen brengen veel pollen in de lucht die ook noordwaarts verspreid
worden door de wind. Ook steeds meer Berken beginnen te bloeien, wat te
zien is aan de rijpe groen-gele hangende mannelijke katjes en de rechtop
staande vrouwelijke katjes.
Pollen van de Gewone es zijn matig
allergeen en die van Berken sterk allergeen. Vooral in het zuiden en
zuid-oosten van het land gaan steeds meer Berken bloeien.
Het midden en
westen van het land volgt daar snel op.
Het laatst zullen de Berken in
de noordelijke regio gaan bloeien.
Opvallend daarbij is dat door
de genetische differentiatie tussen de individuele bomen niet alle
Berken tegelijk beginnen te bloeien maar na elkaar. Als je daar een
beetje op let merk je dat elk jaar dezelfde Berk het eerst zal bloeien
en dat ze elkaar steeds in de zelfde volgorde opvolgen. Door de wind uit
het zuiden en zuidoosten waait bovendien pollen uit het buitenland ons
land binnen en worden de pollen meegenomen tot in de noordelijke regio
en zelfs tot op de Waddeneilanden.
Mensen die gevoelig zijn voor
de pollen van de nu bloeiende bomen zullen hooi-koortsachtige
verschijnselen merken.
Pollen-verwachtingskaart
Pollen en hooikoortsweerbericht
Het pollenkaartje wordt dagelijks bijgewerkt en geeft
aan in welke gebieden de meeste pollen te verwachten zijn.
Hooikoortspatienten kunnen gebaat zijn bij de informatie vanwege
allergische reacties en de luchtwegen.
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Dokteronline
biedt een service tussen arts, apotheek en u als klant. Na goedkeuring
schrijft één van de onafhankelijk aangesloten artsen een recept voor
uw medicijn of geneesmiddel, dat vervolgens door een Europese online
apotheek wordt uitgeleverd en via de post bij u thuis wordt bezorgd.
Dokteronline
offers an intermediary service of a doctor and pharmacy in one, also
called an internet pharmacy or online pharmacy. You can request a
medical consultation for a certain treatment, if this request is granted
by the doctor then a prescription is issued, which will be sent to you
by a European online pharmacy, in a discreet package. So at Dokter
online you can order your medicine online, so that you will receive your
medication conveniently at home.
1. Video Tour: US-50 Annapolis cams
2. 64 at Mallory
3. I-80 @ Kingvale EB
4. I-80 @ Floriston Way
5. 14th and E St NW
6. Las Vegas Blvd @ Flamingo Rd
7. Video Tour: Baltimore Washington Corridor
8. US-26 @ Camelot Court Overpass
9. Broadway @ 46 St
10. Chain Bridge & Boone Blvd
Euro Exchange Rate
