How to identify types and capacities of crushers correctly
There are complete kinds of crushers, and how to position crushing ability of
crushers? Due to different customers' demand and different practical situations,
we can choose different crushers such as jaw crusher, impact crusher, hammer crusher,
Hongxing cone crusher and so
on. So how to position the crushing ability of crushers? The crushing ability of
crushers means the amount of crushed materials in unit time, its unit is
calculated by t/h. How many factors will affect the crushing ability? There are
many factors to affect capacity of crushers:
a. The Hardness of Materials . If the materials are harder, it is harder to
crush them and the abrasion of equipments will be more serious. It will cause
lower speed of crushing and will definitely lead to smaller crushing
capacity
b. The fineness of crushed materials . If the demand on fineness is higher or
the crushed materials are requested to be finer, then the crushing capacity is
smaller.
c. The viscosity of materials. It means if the viscosity of materials is
higher, they are easier to be adhered together.
d. The better the abrasion resistance of crushing parts of crushers is, the
bigger the capacity is, If they cannot resist abrasion, it will affect
capacity.
e. Humidity of materials. It means if the moisture of materials is higher,
materials are easier to be adhered inside of crushers and easier to be blocked
in the process of delivery when discharging, which will cause capacity
smaller.
f. The composition of raw material. If there are more powder contained in raw
materials, it will cause more effect on crushing, because the powder are easy to
be adhered to affect convey. Materials contain much powder should be screened in
advance.
Reusing these materials also lightens the load on our landfills. Examples of
these materials include industrial co-generated materials such as fly-ash (from
power generation industry) and blast furnace slag (from steel
manufacturing).
And like concrete itself, old rebar is recycled into new. Incidentally, did
you know that steel and concrete are among the most recycled materials in the
world? The asphalt industry would have you believe asphalt is the most recycled
material in the world, but the truth is that much of that recycling happens
because asphalt pavements require complete demolition and reconstruction every
8-10 years.In sharp contrast, a comparable concrete pavement can easily last up
to 40 years.
Concrete is made from granite aggregate, sand, cement, and water. While
cement itself cannot be recycled, there has been increasing interest in
recycling aggregate because of the environmental costs of mining the material
and shrinking landfill space.
Concrete is an almost inert material.Because of its inert nature, but also
because it cures to a solid form, it is ideal for using industrial by-products
that otherwise would have been deposited in landfills. A stell mesh sunshaded
box of a building in the dusty industrial estate of Kranji Crescent has been
hosting a steady stream of visitors from China, Mongolia, Israel and France over
the past four months.
Concrete is made from granite aggregate, sand, cement, and water. While
cement itself cannot be recycled, there has been increasing interest in
recycling aggregate because of the environmental costs of mining the material
and shrinking landfill space. Currently, recycled aggregate is mainly used to
line the bottom of roads and cast into road kerbs, rather than used in building
structures, due to concerns about its strength.
Recycling concrete is a smart and environmentally-conscious choice that saves
resources. With in-place recycling, the recycling process has become even more
cost-effective, too!
In-place concrete recycling reduces construction costs because a contractor
doesnt have to locate a recycling center or pay for trucking the materials
away. This saves money for taxpayers and agencies.
The limestone roll crusher is suitable for crushing sulphur iron ore,
phosphate ore, barite, celestite, coke, limestone and so on. The limestone crusher can be
divided into roller crusher and four roller type crusher according to the number
of roller. The operators should to do maintenance work when roll crusher at
work, so as to extend the using life of the crusher. In this regard, look what
should pay attention when the limestone roll crusher in the work!
The most important issue of limestone crusher equipment selection is to know
what this device will have to bear the task. In other words, the limestone
crusher equipment selection is the core issue of what it is to process the
material? What the material particle size is? How much the capacity and what
kind of product will be produced? The material need to be processed is varied.
Each material has different characteristics. Some materials are crushed more
easily, while others require more crushing energy; some of the materials will be
broken into blocks, and some materials will be broken into powder; wear and tear
of some limestone crusher machine is strong, while others are caused by the wear
rate of limestone crusher equipment is very small.
Pay attention to the bolt-on condition and immediately tighten up if any bolt
loosen. Starting the limestone roll crushe first, feed material after the
machine operating normally. Regularly check the wearing parts of limestone roll
crusher, pay attention to replace wearing part at any time. Check the discharge
condition of roll crusher, eliminate material if any blocking happened.
Additionally, the machine should not be overload, pay attention to the
electric instrument at any time. The bearing of roll crusher should be refueled
timely and avoid oil leaking in the bearing. Control the bearing temperature and
not higher than the surrounding air 25 to 30 ℃. The limestone roll crusher is
widely used in cement, metallurgy, chemicals, electricity,coal and other
industries for processing the brittle and ductile materials.
In order to select limestone crusher equipment for a particular purpose,
people should know what kind of material that being crushed. For example, if the
material is limestone, you can choose the limestone crushers such as, jaw crusher, impact crusher. But the
differences between these materials is significant. Tests of materials in
laboratorycan be able to avoid some unnecessary spending a lot of information.
For example, as high wear resistance index of the quartzite-like materials
should not be fed into the impact crusher, because this equipment not only with
high maintenance costs, but also to spend a lot of time. The kind of dolomite
materials do not need to use large scale limestone crusher equipments.
As the
professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery, such as ball mill,Rotary dryer,Belt conveyor,VSI sand maker, Henan Hongxing
is always doing the best in products and service.
Hammer crusher is also the contributor to Building Industry
Building materials is the basis of the buildings and structures, road
building materials for all parts of the road bed, pavement, bridges, tunnels and
other various components and structures.
This series of crusher are widely used in metallurgy, mining, chemical,
cement, coal gangue, construction, sand, refractory material, ceramic and other
industrial and mining enterprises, engaged in breaking and crushing the material
in the operation. Used for tertiary or quaternary crushing, it is mainly
suitable for crushing various ores the compressive strength of which is no more
than 320MPa.
Industries as hydropower, roads, railways, construction (urban central supply
concrete) and other sectors in China are the national infrastructure industriy,
and also are the state mainly invested industry, which have a very prosperous
prospect. Those industries above require the sand and gravel system to produce
aggregate, so as to meet the quality requirements of concrete. Hammer crusher has been widely
used in the system.
The hammer crusher application is wide in processing building materials for
construction like above. With the large-scale expansion of China's highway
construction, road building materials use and development of speed is also
faster and faster, traditional building materials widely used in foundation
engineering, but has been increasingly unable to meet the rapid development of
highway construction on standard engineering requirements. So the demand for
hammer crusher application has been increased greatly. High quality building
material need good performance hammer crusher. Hongxing hammer crusher has been
applied to construction, chemical industry, light industry and so on.
After building materials and solid materials are crushed, the internal
crystal structure changes, the surface and the unit mass can increase, can
improve the speed of physical and chemical reaction, easy mixing and improve
homogenization, and create favorable conditions for drying, storage and
delivery. This is the reason why hammer crusher application is popular in
construction industry. Hongxing hammer crusher application is wide also because
of high quality crusher hammer and rotor. The hammer crusher application can
meet different crushing request of construction material.
The structure features of the hammer crusher in the aggregate system:
1) Large feeding mouth, high crushing chamber, suitable for the materials
with high hardness and block degree, low dust pollution;
2) Convenient to adjust the gap between hammer board and board hammer,
effective to control particle size;
3) Compact structure, high rigidity, the rotor with great inertia;
4) High chromium plate hammer with large hammer resistance, abrasion
resistance and hammer force;
5) Non-key connection, easy maintenance, economical and reliable;
6) Perfect crushing-function, high productivity, high overall efficiency.
The roll crusher equipment is a very potential force in market development of
the crushing plant, roll crusher plays an important role in the process of
crushing materials, the material is repeatedly crushed by the broken parts.
Compared with hammer crusher
and impact crusher, in the
crushing of materials, the roll crusher equipment is more suitable for crushing
brittle materials.
Roll crushers have a theoretical maximum reduction ratio of 4:1. If a 2 inch
particle is fed to the roll crusher the absolute smallest size one could expect
from the crusher is 1/2 inch. Roll crushers will only crush material down to a
minimum particle size of about 10 Mesh (2 mm). A roll crusher crushes using
compression, with two rolls rotating about a shaft, towards the gap between the
rolls. The gap between the rolls is set to the size of product desired, with the
realization that the largest feed particle can only be 4 times the gap
dimension.
Roll crusher equipment has large crushing ratio and can up to 50. This roll
crusher can be used to crushing limestone in cement industry. Any company and
business that use of the roll crusher equipment or are using the production of
roll crusher has a deeper understanding of the improvement the utilization of
crushing materials. Spare parts of roll crusher equipment is easy to replace,
and has a corresponding reduction in maintenance expense. This machine is
suitable for a very large hardness of materials or used for soft materials.
Some major advantages of roll crushers are they give a very fine product size
distribution and they produce very little dust or fines. Rolls crushers are
effectively used in minerals crushing where the ores are not too abrasive and
they are also used in smaller scale production mining of more abrasive metal
ores, such as gold. Coal is probably the largest user of roll crushers,
currently, though. Coal plants will use roll crushers, either single roll or
double roll, as primary
crushers, reducing the ROM coal. Usually, these crushers will have teeth or
raised forms on the face of the roll. (Roll crushers used for minerals and metal
ores have smooth faced rolls.)
Roll crusher equipment in daily use, the maintenance of the machine must be
aware of. In particular, the operators need to pay attention to maintenance of
the roller of roll crusher equipment, because the most easy to wear and
consumption is the roller.
Measures which can give sand maker a longer lifetime
Sand maker (Sand making machine) is the
equipment which makes sand artificially. It can be impact crusher or cone crusher according to the
materiel condition and production requirement.HX series impact crusher is a
high-efficiency rock crushing equipment with domestic and international leading
level. In order to make their client to use sand making machine more exactly, do
safe operation of electrical equipment,increase of service life, they summarize
six basic safety engineering:
1. Before operation, inspect whether the observation door of vortex chamber
is shut tight to avoid danger.
2. Examine the rotation direction of impeller; impeller should performance
anticlockwise rotation.
3. The starting sequence of sand making machine and transportation equipment:
discharge→ sand making machine→ feeding; crushers must be started without load,
and feeding can be carried out when crushers run normally. Shutdown sequence and
start-up sequence is opposite.
4. Materials whose size exceeds the limit shouldnt be fed into crushers,
otherwise, it may cause the unbalance of impeller or excessive abrasion of
impeller, even leading the block of impeller passage.
5. When the discharge equipment stops, feeding should be timely ceased.
6. Materials should be fed evenly and continuously.
7. Fierce vibration and abnormal noise are not allowed during operation.
8. The addition of grease lubrication should make up 1/2-2/3 of bearing
chamber; Add proper lubrication grease each time crushers work an hour.
The construction and mining machinery/equipment market is in the midst of a
consolidation phase, as acquisitions and strategic partnerships are still
continuing after a spurt in the consolidation wave of the nineties. The highly
competitive industry has maintained price levels in the moderate range with
slight fluctuations, over the last few years.
Key competitive factors that affect construction & mining equipment
manufacturers include service, distribution networks, quality, features and
price. In addition, unprecedented growth in the rental industry transformed the
landscape for customers, manufacturers and distributors of construction
equipment. Further, key end markets for construction equipment such as mining
and forestry exert a significant impact on the industry.
Basic approaches for selecting and maintaining crusher
Stone crusher is a kind of
machine whose discharge larger than three millimeter takes up more than 50%.
Crushers usually adopts the transmission of direction connection; Optional:
magnetic separation device, automatically even vibrating feeder system. Main
part: rotor, having experienced dynamic balance test with high precision;
Hammers of good quality with special heat treatment.
However, abrasion and corrosion are two main problems we need to address
during usage. One crucial approach is to employ exquisite materials. While in
real practice, there is some contradiciton like the issue of carbon value. With
less of this value, the material hardness will be greater reduced, whereas this
value is high, materials are prone to be rusty. So we must try to find the
balance within when choosing crushers.
To abtain both of these two characters: anti-abrasion and anti-corrosion,
well consideratoin should be taken. Generally, its material hardness is no more
than 316L stainless steel with low carbon.
Generally, crushers maintenance approach can fall into the following three
categories: minor repair, medium repair and major repair with different
maintenance time respectively.
a. Minor Repair: it includes test and restore adjustmemt device, high speed
discharge opening, the replacement of liner plate, repair some transmission
part, change lubrication system, etc. Its period is about one to three
months.
b. Medium Repair: In addition to the first repair approach, it also includes
the replacement of toggle plate, test and restoration of bushing, etc. Its usual
period is about one to two years.
c. Major Repair: Besides medium repair, it contains replacement of bearings,
the casting of babbitt on the head of pitman coupling, replacement of easy-wear
parts. Its average period is more or less five years.
As the professional
manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery, such as sand washer,Cement making plant,sand washer, Henan Hongxing is
always doing the best in products and service.
Do you want to save cost? Hongxing Crushers for you.
Of course, any businessman cares about the cost. For mining machinery
consumers, how to save money is the important thing when purchasing and
using.
In the era of thchnology economy, advanced technology has taken the leading
position in the business circle. As to buyers, it's beneficial for a long period
to purchase the advanced equipment with reasonable price. Henan Hongxing is just
the best manufacturer of mining equipment.
Fine crusher always be used in limestone raw material crushing. Such as
desulfurization limestone and gypsum fine crushing in power industry. In
metallurgical industry, fine crusher mainly used for crushing iron ore,
periclase, steel slag and son on. It can also be used for super fine crushing of
quartz raw materials in the glass industry. As well as limestone crushing in
sand stone industry and phosphate ore crushing in chemical fertilizer industry.
The crushing of these materials require a relatively small size of the discharge
products(usually under 8mm).
In this case, many customers will adopt the change two-stage crushing into
the three stages, this is a very effective means. However, people encountered
complex and difficult process layout and large investment problems in a specific
technological innovation process. While Hongxing fine crusher can solve these
problems. This fine crusher machine has the absolute superiority compared to the
similar crusher:
The maximun feeding material size can up to 1300mm, and the minimun discharge
material size can under 8mm. Fine crusher can save 35-50% of total investment
than two stage and three stage crushing system. Save 30-40% of the cost of
operation and management. Wear parts of fine crusher with long working life and
the maintenance frequency is greatly reduced.
Hongxing Brand is a 'China Famous Brand' for reliable and stable quality, and
been awarded the 'Civilized Enterprise' 'Key Enterprise' 'Enterprise with
Standard Quality' and 'Enterprise with Honesty and Credit Standing'. The company
has modernized management system, first-class gold-processing equipments,
perfect detection methods, high-quality personnel and fine after-service. We
firmly believe that we can get sincere repayment with our sincere dedication.
And it's not in doubt that ' To choose Hongxing is to choose convenience.'
As
the professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery, such as China cone crusher,magnetic separator,raymond mill, Henan
Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
What is Rust? Technically, its oxidized metal. It generally occurs where
water is allowed to stay next to unprotected steel for a period of time.
There is one problem that makes enterprise headache: When there are both
water and oxygen on the steel surface it is easy to rust. Rust is a kind of
corrosion occurs on the surface of the steel, which every year cost a lot. To
prevent your crusher rusting, Henan Hongxing - professional crusher manufacturer
introduces the following measures to the majority of users:
1) during the crusher storage or seasonal shutdown period, your should run
the machine for at least 5minutes at least once a month in order to ensure
correct lubrication bearing.
2) if the flywheel has been removed from the eccentric shaft, the contact
surface between the flywheel and the shaft should be coated with
preservatives.
3) if the jaw body is removable from the frame, the seal should be coated
with enough oil to prevent debris from entering the bearing seat.
4) crusher and the removed parts should be stored in a solid support to
prevent directly contact with the ground.
5) when pick out the crusher from the repository, you should check the
painting and repair it according to the need.
Before assemble the crusher, you should be removed the preservative from all
contact surfaces.
Bucket elevator from Hongxing is sparkling in elevating sky
Bucket elevators can be used to handle a great variety of bulk materials. The
basic design involves a belt or chain driven around head and tail pulleys, which
carries buckets containing the material. This is carried out within a fully
sealed casing, providing efficient dust containment for materials posing dust
emission problems.
The advantage of using bucket elevators is that they are simple in
construction enabling maintenance and fault finding to be carried out on site
with ease.
Hongxing can competitively design and supply a large range of bucket elevator
types from heavy duty, high temperature, high tonnage applications to the
lighter duty applications.
Chain and Bucket Elevators
In special applications where high temperature, high tensions or corrosive
material properties exist, Hongxing can implement chain to elevate buckets
rather than belts.
Pulleys
Crowned, Diamond Lagged or Slatted pulleys can be supplied, esuring the most
suitable pulley for the application is selected.
Shaft Seal Arrangements
Based on the application, two main types of selas can be provided, either a
labyrinth seal or, in arduos circumstances, a tripple seal stuffing box.
As the professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery,
such as cone
crusher,Stone production
line,Rotary
dryers, Henan Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
Our earth is always calling for returning to Green Planet
Minister of Land and Resources recently held China International mining
Conference, said China is committed to scientific development, continue to
adhere to save low resources consumption, little environmental pollution and the
new road to industrialization. 'scientific development, promote green mining' is
a new path of industrialization in China mineral resources in the field of
concrete embodiment. Here, the green mining industry has become the most
eye-catching words, the reason for it visible, because it is China's economic
development, because it is in line with the direction that mining industry calls
for the requirements of energy conservation advocacy and environmental
protection development.
The so-called 'green mining' refers to the disturbance in the mine
environment is less than the premise of the capacity of the regional environment
to achieve optimal exploitation of mineral resources and the environment are
minimized. Implementation of green mining industry there are three stages:
First, the regional environment through the development of capacity or former
capacity evaluation and mine environmental assessment and disturbance, the
establishment of environmental evaluation index system and technical standards,
to develop green mining plan;
Second, but through technological innovation, optimize Process, to achieve
mining, dressing, smelting and refining process, a small disturbance, no poison
and less pollution;
Third, through the mining environmental management and ecological
restoration, to achieve minimum environmental disturbance and ecological
reconstruction optimization. We say that the development of green mining is the
voice of the times, China's economic development, it is not groundless, but
evidence-based.
Over the years, our economy has been growing rapidly though, but we also paid
a high price, called a lot of fees. Relevant data show that the country due to
ground subsidence due to mining to 180 locations with more than 1,600 pit
collapse, subsidence area of over 1150 square kilometers. The collapse of the
national mining subsidence disaster occurred nearly 40 cities, causing serious
damage to the 25 annual ground subsidence due to mining, the loss occurred up to
4 billion. The mining, ore mining 6 billion tons per year the amount of
disturbance of the Earth's environment, induced the mountain crack, collapse,
landslide, debris flow, earthquake and other geological disasters. These figures
are shocking, but in order to change this situation, to promote green mining
industry is the best way.
For avoiding deterioration of belt conveyor routine detection is required
A strict maintenance schedule and well-trained maintenance crew can save
companies a large amount of money over the course of equipments life. The
maintenance function in any operation is in charge of keeping the equipment
operating at maximum productivity or capacity. Scheduled maintenance reduces
downtime and ensures the efficient and safe operation of the system. A quality
maintenance program begins with management and their insistence on strict
routine maintenance schedule and periodic outages specifically for the overall
review of the equipment.
The maintenance of a belt
conveyor is basically the same as any equipment with moving parts and no
matter how well the conveyor is designed and constructed it will require
scheduled maintenance and periodic service maintenance.
Recommended components of a belt conveyor requiring routine maintenance and
service:
Electrical: Motors - lubricate internal bearings as recommended by the
manufacture. Safety switches check electrical connection and any signs broken
parts.
Reducers: Lubricate internal bearings and fill oil level as
recommended by the manufacture.
V-Belts: Check for proper tension and worn or cracked areas.
Chain drives: Check for proper tension and worn roller and
sidebars.
Screw Take-ups: Check for proper belt tension and remove any built up
material.
Idlers: Check for free rotation and excessive worn areas, if
greaseable type lubricate as recommended by the manufacture. Remove any built up
material.
Training Idlers: Check for proper alignment to belt and free rotation
or excessive worn areas, if greaseable type lubricate as recommended by the
manufacture. Remove any built up material.
Pulleys: Check pulley alignment and surface of lagging if lagged.
Pulley assemblies should rotate freely. Remove any built up material.
Bearings: Check for proper alignment to frame and lubricate as
recommended by the manufacture. Remove any built up material.
Belting: Check for proper tension excessive wear areas, torn, or
ripped areas. If a mechanical splice check fasteners.
Belt Cleaners: Check for proper tension and wear on the cleaner blade
and replace if needed to keep cleaner from rolling under.
All operators should familiarize themselves with the details of the equipment
involved and take necessary precautions. If the operator of the equipment is
aware of a potential hazard it should be brought to the owners attention for
immediate correction.
As the professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery,
such as jaw crusher,Ball mills,jaw crusher, Henan
Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
Continental Belt conveyor
Systems equipment offers many safety features, some of which are standard, while
others are optional and specified by the user based on conditions under which
the equipment will be operating. Good common sense is the key when working on
any equipment and must be used while observing or servicing equipment.
The maintenance of a belt conveyor is basically the same as any equipment
with moving parts and no matter how well the conveyor is designed and
constructed it will require scheduled maintenance and periodic service
maintenance.
The section deals with general maintenance practices and is not intended to
be a guide for the actual maintenance of specific parts on the conveyor. This
particular information is available from the manufacture's manuals; please
consult it for maintenance schedule and lubrication requirements.
A strict maintenance schedule and well-trained maintenance crew can save
companies a large amount of money over the course of equipments life. The
maintenance function in any operation is in charge of keeping the equipment
operating at maximum productivity or capacity. Scheduled maintenance reduces
downtime and ensures the efficient and safe operation of the system. A quality
maintenance program begins with management and their insistence on strict
routine maintenance schedule and periodic outages specifically for the overall
review of the equipment.
Manual inspection, maintenance or repairs must be done at a time the can be
taken out of service, properly lockout and tagged. In NO case should belt
conveyors or any operating equipment be serviced while in operation. Only visual
inspection can be done during operation and care must be taken to be at a safe
distance and not be wearing loose clothing. Inching drives provide an excellent
method of visually inspecting the belting.
Companies must constantly observe the working conditions, and if doubt
exists, as to whether you deem your equipment safe enough for your employees
welfare, call in a qualified safety engineer to advise you as to whether or not
your equipment satisfies current safety regulations and requirements of any
federal, state, municipal or other duly constituted regulatory agency to whom
you might be responsible.
Equally as important to the maintenance schedule of belt conveyors, is that
service being performed by well-trained, competent personnel provided with
proper test equipment and tools. The maintenance crew should be skilled
employees empowered to shut down the conveyor to make repairs necessary
repairs.
Employees, maintenance personnel and operators must be made aware of the type
of equipment and how it operates and of the power required to operate this
equipment. Basic conveyor safety begins with the design of the equipment that
avoids foreseeable hazards. Company management must provide training in the
proper operation and maintaining of the equipment. Management must insist on
good housekeeping and safety procedures.
The information contained in this manual is be used as a guideline only, any
company policies, local or state regulation should be adhered to. The
recommendation on service and maintenance are general in nature and any
technical information from the manufacture on particular parts should be
used.
As the professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery,
such as Mobile
crushers,Jaw
crushers,Ball
mills, Henan Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
Adopting new screening methods to recall Green and Efficiency
Screening is a process of separating into groups of different products of
various sizes. Each group consists of products of approximately same size. The
mass, which remains, on a screen is called the oversize of the screen and the
material, which passes through the screen is, called the undersize.
The vibratory screen should be compulsorily enclosed from the screen
supporting platform level up to top of the screen. The enclosure should be
provided either with maintenance walkway around or without walkways with a
compact enclosure of the size of the screen only.
The screens in between the primary and the secondary crusher help in
separating the oversize. The oversize goes to the secondary crusher while the
undersize is discharged through a chute on to the same conveyor belt, which
receives the discharge from the secondary crusher. This saves considerable power
in the second crushing stage and also increases the capacity of the secondary
crusher, as it eliminates possible choking of material in the crusher,
particularly during wet weather or wet material.
Screening is generally classified into two types.
(i) Coarse screening, which is achieved through Grizzlies, Vibratory Screens,
Revolving Screens or Shaking Screens.
(ii) fine screening which is achieved through Vibrating screens, Shaking
Screens. Brief description of various screening technologies is given below.
Vibrating Screens save space and weight, and operate on little power because
the screening surface may be actuated by vibrating, gyrating or pulsating
movement of small amplitude, but at frequencies that normally exceed 3000 cycles
per minute.
Combination of frequency of vibration (speed) and amplitude (throw), affects
performance of any vibrating screen. A correct combination of slope and
direction of mechanism of rotation is vital for inclined screens. The larger the
opening the greater the amplitude needed for a screen. Vibrating screens are
mainly divided into two classes. Mechanically vibrated and electrically
vibrated.
The mechanical shaking screen comprises of a rectangular frame with
perforated steel or wire cloth. It is usually inclined and suspended on loose
rods or cables. They are used mainly for special tasks of coarse screening. The
screening media that are normally in use are of many classes. Following are some
of the commonly used media in the stone crushing industry.
As the
professional manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery, such as sand maker,Ball mills,Sand washing plant, Henan
Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
Introduction and adjustment in the degenerating stage of construction equipment
Bulldozers, loaders, excavators and truck crane, etc. in use for some time,
often there will be deterioration of the sensitivity control mechanism, slow
work of agencies and so on.
Engine exhaust, running, sounds all unusual, difficult to start, accelerate
slowly; oil contaminated hydraulic system, hydraulic components and piping,
external and internal joints are a serious drain, the hydraulic cylinder does
not lock automatically retract; whole Machine loose drive chain of the
manipulation of the handle, maneuver block effort. The reason resulting the
detections includes overload of work is mainly a long time and do not meet the
requirements in the operating environment; routine maintenance is not timely,
large, medium and minor repairs not up to standard requirements.
Adjustment and repair methods
(1) the adjustment of the engine throttle
For example, crane equipped with diesel engines in the car, after a long-term
use, sometimes in the manipulation of the throttle the car will appear when the
slow growth rate, reach maximum speed and maximum power of the situation. At
this point need to check and adjust the throttle pedal on the car the entire
driveline. This would take two people, one person in the car control the
accelerator pedal and the other was observed in the fuel pump speed control
lever at the movement. The crane used for many years, the operator in the cab of
the accelerator pedal Although extreme position, but in fact the speed diesel
engine fuel pump rod and sometimes can not reach the limit position. Speed
control lever in the Machine because of the position in the operator's position
is not easily observed, the air travel is often overlooked, should be to observe
for a while, try several times. Reasons for this situation, one size chain drive
engine throttle changes, among which is too large due to the accumulation of air
travel; Second, some fasteners on the gear, such as caused by loosening set
screws. At this point the throttle should be gradual to check the drive size
chain, when the throttle on the train ride in the end, the speed control lever
must reach the limit. Throttle drive chain shall be required on the process
sacrificing the space should be based on the specific situation of each device
fastening and adjustment.
(2) gear pump repair
Gear pump wear, pump shell is mainly the surface of tooth wear on top and
tooth thickness. Repair methods are: wear in the pump shell surface layer of
metal coating solution at the brush, so to restore the original size; the top of
the gear tooth and the tooth may be its thickest plating, restoring the top of
the tooth thickness and tooth size; axis sets are generally not only for repair
and replacement bushings must pay attention to its axial length, do not leave
space. Several of the same model can be used on the gear pump for accurate
measurements, and then use lighter gear and wear re-combined with the pump
installed and a test in the test rig.
(3) piston pump repair
Wear surface of the plunger piston and the rotor is mainly compatible with
the plunger hole. Repair Methods: According to the wear measured by the size of
the plunger hole reconstituted plunger, the plunger of the new materials, heat
treatment technology and outer dimensions and surface roughness must comply with
the relevant technical requirements; Assembly may, before the new plunger with
the hole and grind it. In addition, it can be used in the selection of some of
the same model worn piston plunger and rotor to a lesser extent plunger hole
re-combination equipped. Generally speaking, the old with the gap between the
plunger and the hole should not exceed 35mm, 45mm when the wear reached should
be rejected.
(4) control valve repair
Should be measured in accordance with the valve stem hole the size of the
wear re-formulated the new stem, new stem material, heat treatment, size and
surface roughness departments must ensure compliance with relevant technical
requirements; the new valve assembly before the best rod and the valve stem hole
on the ground look, (preferably a car manufacturing process used to grind the
spindle), can also be used if the conditions are not met milling about the same
time a new stem, but also on the control valve positioning and pressure
adjustment spring Unit elasticity of the return spring testing to see if it
meets requirements. Can also be based on the valve stem of each hole to
determine the degree of wear and tear repair methods, if the same model more
than the old valve can be detected between several and deployment. After repair
the valve should be tested in the pilot stage, the valve can also be flat, two
holes in the above to fill kerosene, with a stopwatch to measure the speed of
the oil spill to determine the extent of the valve seal.
As the professional
manufacturer of complete sets of mining machinery, such as vibrating screen，Jaw crushers，Ore beneficiation, Henan Hongxing
is always doing the best in products and service.
2015 will be the hotspot year for China construction machinery
When other multinational giants still looking for a new road to recovery,
construction Machinery enterprises in China has become the absolute protagonist
of the show. According to Voice of 'news and newspaper summary' report, known as
the Asian construction machinery industry benchmark known as the 2010 Shanghai
BMW Exhibition April (23) opening. Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Chairman
Wang Min said that by 2015, construction Machinery enterprises in China will be
among the world's top five.
As traditional manufacturing and emerging industries, modern energy industry,
modern agriculture, integrated transport system are all key industry future, and
therefore as the representative of the mechanical engineering machinery industry
will undoubtedly play an important role. At present, the mining machinery market
is facing several development emphases, first is product innovation, and second
is the large-scale product.
Nowadays the mining machinery market faces several development point, first
is the innovation crushing product. After the development in 2011, more and more
manufacturers were streaming out of mining machinery industry. A few small-scale
enterprises blindly chase and imitate others equipment production, their product
quality is no guarantee and they do not have core competitive power of
enterprise products, in the long run, the enterprise will naturally be submerged
in the wave of the high development of the economy and eventually was out of the
game. Therefore, if a crusher enterprise wants to develop in a long period of
time, it is necessary to have market core competitiveness and has its own unique
products.
Wang Min, chairman of Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group, said: 'By 2015,
when Xugong (000425) must become the world's top five construction equipment,
direct approximation of the world, Caterpillar, Komatsu. Now the world's largest
Caterpillar this year he is now more than 300 billion U.S. dollars, in order to
reach such a scale beyond. ' However, Wang Min stressed that Chinese companies
want to break the European and American giants dominated the International Heavy
machinery market for many years, but also to seek a breakthrough on the core
components.
The development of mining machinery is closely related to the improvement o
humans technology, modern technology of science and the whole level of the
industry, especially the development of mechanical engineering and mining
geology. The general trend of mechanical engineerings development is
digitalization, intellectualization, precision, micromation, vitality and
ecologization. As a branch of mechanical engineering, mining machinery abides by
the trend, too. Meanwhile, regarding the features of mining machinery, its trend
will be digitalization, intellectualization, precision, micromation, vitality
and ecologization.
As the professional manufacturer of complete sets of
mining machinery, such as stone
crusher,VSI sand
maker,Dryer
machine, Henan Hongxing is always doing the best in products and service.
We design and manufacture ideal and efficient crushing plant
The fundamental goal for the design of a crushing plant is an installation
that meets the required production requirements, operates at competitive cost,
complies with today's tough environmental regulations, and can be built at a
reasonable price despite the rising costs of equipment, energy and construction
labor. These can include the owner's engineering staff, safety personnel,
operations and maintenance personnel, equipment manufacturers, and the
engineering consultant. Ideally, the consultant combines his knowledge and
experience with an understanding of all parties' needs, to provide a balanced,
workable, safe and economic plant design.
Capital Cost
Direct Costs. The largest primary gyratory crushers cost US $2 million or
more, while overall crushing plant costs can be as high as $18 million. It's
necessary therefore to estimate crusher installation costs based on equipment
costs plus the following direct costs, including construction contractor
indirects: Earthworks, Mechanical, Concrete, Electrical, Structural steel,
Instrumentation, Architectural Indirect Costs. Indirect costs can fall within a
range of 40 to 60% of the direct costs, and include: Construction indirects,
Startup and commissioning, Construction equipment, Freight, Spare parts/first
fill, Taxes/duties, Engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM),
Owner's costs (relocation, hiring and training personnel, permits, licensing
fees, etc).
In addition to the above, a contingency to cover unforeseen costs will be in
the range of 10 to 20% of the sum of the direct and indirect costs. The designer
must be aware of the project-specific costs of all such elements, so that he can
monitor costs and promote methods of reducing total installation costs. In some
locations, for example, labor and material costs could make a gabion wall more
expensive than a poured concrete wall, which has minimal structural
backfill.
Ore Characteristics
Ore characteristics are a critical element in both crusher selection and
plant design. Dry ores require greater provisions for dust suppression and
collection, including dust enclosures around screens, sealing on conveyor
skirts, and vacuum and wash-down systems. Wet, sticky ores can plug chutes,
reduce surge capacity, and decrease the live storage capacity of bins and silos.
To address this problem, chutes must be easily accessible for clean-up, and
large feeder openings must be provided for bins, silos and tunnels. If it is
practical to obtain representative ore samples, it is prudent to have testwork
conducted to establish ore flow properties, which will influence design
parameters.
At virtually all mines, ore characteristics change over time, and it can be
costly to 'design in' the optimal flexibility required to handle such changes.
Some owners stipulate that initial capital investment be kept to a minimum, with
design modifications paid for out of the operating budget. This is not always
easy to achieve.
Safety and Environment
Safety must be designed into all mining facilities. North American mines must
comply with local and national regulations such as OSHA, MSHA, the Mines Act and
the WCB. The modern plant includes safety guards around all moving equipment,
and emergency pull-cords on both sides of any conveyors with personnel access.
The maintenance department and safety officer must keep these safeguards in
working order. Ongoing safety training of plant personnel is imperative, and is
considered to be one of the most vital and monitored feature of most mining
operations.
Dust emissions must comply with the latest regulations for the jurisdiction.
Designers must make provisions for the installation of dust abatement,
suppression or collection equipment. Spillages from feeders, chutes and
conveyors must be minimized. Spill collection can be 'designed in' on feeder
installations; chute designs can minimize spillage at receiving and discharge
points; and conveyor belts can be widened to be more forgiving (e.g., skirting
internal back-to-back width can be reduced to allow the belt more side travel.)
Skirting should be extended a minimum of three belt widths past the load point.
Rules for conveyor and load point design should be used for guidance only, with
transfers custom-designed to suit a particular project. It goes without saying
that clean plants have lower operating costs. Crushers, screens and
dust-collection fans all contribute to high noise levels. Air-cooled lubrication
systems are not only noisy, but often leak oil. Well-balanced, choke-fed
crushers, dustenclosed screens and dust collector fans with silencers can keep
noise levels under control. Recirculating water can be used to cool crusher
lubrication systems.
Fertilizers are helpful for plants and how is it for the environment
As we know that fertilizers have enabled better growth and yield of plants
and vegetation, have you ever considered about their harmful effects on the
environment? And fertilizers as the chemicals afffect our lives and the
planet.
Mother nature has always taught us to balance out everything, and still
continues to do so! If you eat a lot, your body naturally bloats up and tells
you to exercise and come back to shape. When you exercise too much, your body
tells you to slow down and relax. If there is rain, you also get the Sun, each
and everything works fine till a balance is maintained. And we all know the
consequences of imbalance. A classic example for the same would be the rise in
global warming due to various reasons, including deforestation! Same is the case
with fertilizers. The problem is that humans tend to use too much of fertilizers
in the soil because they have to cater to the global demand of food. As
mentioned already, more than half of the total yield production is out of
synthetic or inorganic fertilizers which contains components like nitrogen,
potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and so on. These chemicals and minerals,
although help in boosting the growth of plants, they also have their drastic
side effects in the long run. Mentioned below are some key points defining the
effects of using fertilizers on the environment.
When you use too much of fertilizers in the soil, it leads to eutrophication.
Fertilizers contain substances like nitrates and phosphates that are flooded
into lakes and oceans through rains and sewage. These substances prove to become
toxic for the aquatic life, thereby, increasing the excessive growth of algae in
the water bodies and decreasing the levels of oxygen. This leads to a toxic
environment and leads to death of fish and other aquatic fauna and flora.
Indirectly, it contributes to an imbalance in the food chain as the different
kinds of fishes in the water bodies tend to be the main food source of various
birds and animals in the environment. You would be surprised to know that more
than 50% of the lakes in the United States are eutrophic!
The nitrogen and other chemicals present in the fertilizers can also affect
the ground waters and waters that are used for the purpose of drinking! One of
the most common result for this can be the development of blue baby syndrome
which occurs in infants whose skin tissues are low in oxygen, which is why their
skin appears to be blue or purplish in color. You would also be interested to
know that studies reveal that the use of lawn fertilizers and pesticides can
cause health risks like cancer and chronic diseases in humans, especially in
children.
Though this may sound ironic to you, the fact is that using too much of
fertilizers in the soil can alter the fertility of the soil by increasing the
acid levels in the soil. Which is why it is recommended to get a soil test done
at least once in every 3 years so that you can keep a track whether or not you
are using the right amount of fertilizers. The levels of soil pH varies from
0-14, wherein 0 is considered to be the most acidic and 14 being the most basic.
7 is considered to be neutral. The ideal soil pH varies from plant to plant and
can be altered by bringing in some changes. Bottom line for using too much of
fertilizers in the soil is that though it may seem to work currently, there are
high chances that you may not use it for plant yielding in the long run.
Fertilizers consists of substances and chemicals like methane, carbon
dioxide, ammonia, and nitrogen, the emission of which has contributed to a great
extent in the quantity of greenhouse gases present in the environment. This in
turn is leading to global warming and weather changes. In fact, nitrous oxide,
which is a byproduct of nitrogen, is the third most significant greenhouse gas,
after carbon dioxide and methane. Therefore, you can well imagine as to how
harmful is the use of fertilizers for our environment... and the ongoing use of
fertilizers across the world will only make matters worse!
These facts are alarming and a serious step needs to be taken as soon as
possible to avoid more severe consequences. The use of fertilizers for growth
and cultivation is keeping our stomach filled for now, but then if things keep
on progressing the way they are, it won't take long to see the times where there
is lack of food, water, and health.
What should be prepared for underground mining safety
Modern underground mines have rigorous safety rules and precautions and
mining companies require a great deal of on-the-job safety training. In
addition, the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 directed the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to study the causes of
coal-related diseases and to develop a program to prevent the heath problems of
coal workers. Mining requires workers to spend long hours underground in
hazardous and often unstable conditions. Miners use a variety of safety
equipment to stay safe on the job daily. These pieces of equipment can save the
lives of those who choose to enter this particularly dangerous line of work.
Cap Lamps
Mines are completely dark unless workers are near the entrance or provide the
light themselves.
Miners often have their own personal lights attached to their hard hats, even
if the work site has lights set up. The workers may need to make their way
through dark areas to transition from one spot to another, or the light system's
power could fail. A miner's hard hat can be fitted with a small battery pack and
a lamp that hooks to the front.
Respirators
Inhalation hazards are among the most significant dangers for workers in
mines. Gases can cause nausea or may even be toxic. Dust particles in the air
can cause respiratory complications and more.
Minors often use respirators to reduce inhalation levels and work comfortably
in the mine. The style of respirator varies based on the dangers associated with
a particular mine. Many respirators are simple face masks with an odor filter
and protection from airborne contaminants. Some are powered and provide a flow
of fresh oxygen to the miner.
Gas Detection
The days of taking a canary into the coal mine as a warning system of
poisonous gases are long gone. Gas detection sensors are now placed in mines to
monitor the levels of methane, carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen dioxide and
other gasses to ensure that the workers are not in danger of inhaling a toxic
gas or running out of oxygen.
Portable Air
Mining involves digging, scraping and pounding hard materials such as
limestone and other rocks. To make the job more efficient and safe the industry
now uses pneumatic tools instead of hammers and picks. While these older tools
are still used, the heavy lifting is done by air-powered equipment.
Portable air systems are much lighter and more mobile than older air
compressors and canisters. They can be rolled along or worn by a worker. The
hose attaches to the pneumatic tool of choice.
Employees who have worked for in mines for extended periods of time have a
greater chance of developing a mining- related illness. These illnesses are
caused by exposure to mining chemicals and the physical hazards which are
associated with mining. Mining related illnesses include respiratory disease,
lung cancer, hearing loss and musculoskeletal disorders.
Facing hazards of mobile equipment what shall we do
Mobile equipment is used in many industrial applications, be it mining,
construction or freight. However, the field with the highest potential for
hazard is the mining field. Such as in mining mahcinery industry, there are mobile crushing station, mobile jaw crusher, mobile impact crusher and so on.
Mobile equipment is heavy-duty industrial equipment that is used to move
material from one area to another. Some examples would be forklifts, dump
trucks, tractors and backhoes. This type of equipment can be hazardous if used
incorrectly, so proper safety precautions should be taken to avoid injury.
Luckily, operating mobile equipment safely is possible for most people when
following a few steps.
1. Obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL) before operating mobile
equipment. This will ensure that you or anyone operating the equipment will be
properly and legally trained. A CDL can be obtained through a local technical
college or private institution. The cost varies depending on the type of
equipment you will operate, but generally the CDL will cost around $75. You have
to be 21 years of age in most cases to get a CDL and complete a series of
written tests.
2. Inspect the equipment before beginning use. Look for fuel leaks or any
visible defects like damaged electrical or mechanical parts. If repairs are
necessary, do not operate before those repairs are completed. Local mobile
equipment service technicians will be able to repair most types of
equipment.
3. Fasten seat belts when using mobile equipment to avoid injuries.
4. Maintain focus while operating the equipment and keep a look out for other
people or vehicles in the vicinity. Use extra caution when moving in reverse.
There is a warning sound on most mobile equipment like dump trucks and forklifts
when moving in reverse.
5. Keep loads under the intended load capacity. Never attempt to lift more
than your equipment can handle. The load capacity can be found in the
manufacturer's handbook.
6. Avoid transporting people on mobile equipment and only use it as
intended.
Mobile devices that impair your ability to drive safely include cameras, cell
phones, laptops, music players, pagers and personal digital assistants
(PDAs).
