When other multinational giants still looking for a new road to recovery, construction Machinery enterprises in China has become the absolute protagonist of the show. According to Voice of 'news and newspaper summary' report, known as the Asian construction machinery industry benchmark known as the 2010 Shanghai BMW Exhibition April (23) opening. Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Chairman Wang Min said that by 2015, construction Machinery enterprises in China will be among the world's top five.

As traditional manufacturing and emerging industries, modern energy industry, modern agriculture, integrated transport system are all key industry future, and therefore as the representative of the mechanical engineering machinery industry will undoubtedly play an important role. At present, the mining machinery market is facing several development emphases, first is product innovation, and second is the large-scale product.

Nowadays the mining machinery market faces several development point, first is the innovation crushing product. After the development in 2011, more and more manufacturers were streaming out of mining machinery industry. A few small-scale enterprises blindly chase and imitate others equipment production, their product quality is no guarantee and they do not have core competitive power of enterprise products, in the long run, the enterprise will naturally be submerged in the wave of the high development of the economy and eventually was out of the game. Therefore, if a crusher enterprise wants to develop in a long period of time, it is necessary to have market core competitiveness and has its own unique products.

Wang Min, chairman of Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group, said: 'By 2015, when Xugong (000425) must become the world's top five construction equipment, direct approximation of the world, Caterpillar, Komatsu. Now the world's largest Caterpillar this year he is now more than 300 billion U.S. dollars, in order to reach such a scale beyond. ' However, Wang Min stressed that Chinese companies want to break the European and American giants dominated the International Heavy machinery market for many years, but also to seek a breakthrough on the core components.

The development of mining machinery is closely related to the improvement o human’s technology, modern technology of science and the whole level of the industry, especially the development of mechanical engineering and mining geology. The general trend of mechanical engineering’s development is digitalization, intellectualization, precision, micromation, vitality and ecologization. As a branch of mechanical engineering, mining machinery abides by the trend, too. Meanwhile, regarding the features of mining machinery, its trend will be digitalization, intellectualization, precision, micromation, vitality and ecologization.

22-02-2012 om 03:47 geschreven door annazhao356  

The fundamental goal for the design of a crushing plant is an installation that meets the required production requirements, operates at competitive cost, complies with today's tough environmental regulations, and can be built at a reasonable price despite the rising costs of equipment, energy and construction labor. These can include the owner's engineering staff, safety personnel, operations and maintenance personnel, equipment manufacturers, and the engineering consultant. Ideally, the consultant combines his knowledge and experience with an understanding of all parties' needs, to provide a balanced, workable, safe and economic plant design.

Capital Cost

Direct Costs. The largest primary gyratory crushers cost US $2 million or more, while overall crushing plant costs can be as high as $18 million. It's necessary therefore to estimate crusher installation costs based on equipment costs plus the following direct costs, including construction contractor indirects: Earthworks, Mechanical, Concrete, Electrical, Structural steel, Instrumentation, Architectural Indirect Costs. Indirect costs can fall within a range of 40 to 60% of the direct costs, and include: Construction indirects, Startup and commissioning, Construction equipment, Freight, Spare parts/first fill, Taxes/duties, Engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM), Owner's costs (relocation, hiring and training personnel, permits, licensing fees, etc).

In addition to the above, a contingency to cover unforeseen costs will be in the range of 10 to 20% of the sum of the direct and indirect costs. The designer must be aware of the project-specific costs of all such elements, so that he can monitor costs and promote methods of reducing total installation costs. In some locations, for example, labor and material costs could make a gabion wall more expensive than a poured concrete wall, which has minimal structural backfill.

Ore Characteristics

Ore characteristics are a critical element in both crusher selection and plant design. Dry ores require greater provisions for dust suppression and collection, including dust enclosures around screens, sealing on conveyor skirts, and vacuum and wash-down systems. Wet, sticky ores can plug chutes, reduce surge capacity, and decrease the live storage capacity of bins and silos. To address this problem, chutes must be easily accessible for clean-up, and large feeder openings must be provided for bins, silos and tunnels. If it is practical to obtain representative ore samples, it is prudent to have testwork conducted to establish ore flow properties, which will influence design parameters.

At virtually all mines, ore characteristics change over time, and it can be costly to 'design in' the optimal flexibility required to handle such changes. Some owners stipulate that initial capital investment be kept to a minimum, with design modifications paid for out of the operating budget. This is not always easy to achieve.

Safety and Environment

Safety must be designed into all mining facilities. North American mines must comply with local and national regulations such as OSHA, MSHA, the Mines Act and the WCB. The modern plant includes safety guards around all moving equipment, and emergency pull-cords on both sides of any conveyors with personnel access. The maintenance department and safety officer must keep these safeguards in working order. Ongoing safety training of plant personnel is imperative, and is considered to be one of the most vital and monitored feature of most mining operations.

Dust emissions must comply with the latest regulations for the jurisdiction. Designers must make provisions for the installation of dust abatement, suppression or collection equipment. Spillages from feeders, chutes and conveyors must be minimized. Spill collection can be 'designed in' on feeder installations; chute designs can minimize spillage at receiving and discharge points; and conveyor belts can be widened to be more forgiving (e.g., skirting internal back-to-back width can be reduced to allow the belt more side travel.) Skirting should be extended a minimum of three belt widths past the load point. Rules for conveyor and load point design should be used for guidance only, with transfers custom-designed to suit a particular project. It goes without saying that clean plants have lower operating costs. Crushers, screens and dust-collection fans all contribute to high noise levels. Air-cooled lubrication systems are not only noisy, but often leak oil. Well-balanced, choke-fed crushers, dustenclosed screens and dust collector fans with silencers can keep noise levels under control. Recirculating water can be used to cool crusher lubrication systems.

22-02-2012 om 03:46 geschreven door annazhao356  

As we know that fertilizers have enabled better growth and yield of plants and vegetation, have you ever considered about their harmful effects on the environment? And fertilizers as the chemicals afffect our lives and the planet.

Mother nature has always taught us to balance out everything, and still continues to do so! If you eat a lot, your body naturally bloats up and tells you to exercise and come back to shape. When you exercise too much, your body tells you to slow down and relax. If there is rain, you also get the Sun, each and everything works fine till a balance is maintained. And we all know the consequences of imbalance. A classic example for the same would be the rise in global warming due to various reasons, including deforestation! Same is the case with fertilizers. The problem is that humans tend to use too much of fertilizers in the soil because they have to cater to the global demand of food. As mentioned already, more than half of the total yield production is out of synthetic or inorganic fertilizers which contains components like nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and so on. These chemicals and minerals, although help in boosting the growth of plants, they also have their drastic side effects in the long run. Mentioned below are some key points defining the effects of using fertilizers on the environment.

When you use too much of fertilizers in the soil, it leads to eutrophication. Fertilizers contain substances like nitrates and phosphates that are flooded into lakes and oceans through rains and sewage. These substances prove to become toxic for the aquatic life, thereby, increasing the excessive growth of algae in the water bodies and decreasing the levels of oxygen. This leads to a toxic environment and leads to death of fish and other aquatic fauna and flora. Indirectly, it contributes to an imbalance in the food chain as the different kinds of fishes in the water bodies tend to be the main food source of various birds and animals in the environment. You would be surprised to know that more than 50% of the lakes in the United States are eutrophic!

The nitrogen and other chemicals present in the fertilizers can also affect the ground waters and waters that are used for the purpose of drinking! One of the most common result for this can be the development of blue baby syndrome which occurs in infants whose skin tissues are low in oxygen, which is why their skin appears to be blue or purplish in color. You would also be interested to know that studies reveal that the use of lawn fertilizers and pesticides can cause health risks like cancer and chronic diseases in humans, especially in children.

Though this may sound ironic to you, the fact is that using too much of fertilizers in the soil can alter the fertility of the soil by increasing the acid levels in the soil. Which is why it is recommended to get a soil test done at least once in every 3 years so that you can keep a track whether or not you are using the right amount of fertilizers. The levels of soil pH varies from 0-14, wherein 0 is considered to be the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. 7 is considered to be neutral. The ideal soil pH varies from plant to plant and can be altered by bringing in some changes. Bottom line for using too much of fertilizers in the soil is that though it may seem to work currently, there are high chances that you may not use it for plant yielding in the long run.

Fertilizers consists of substances and chemicals like methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and nitrogen, the emission of which has contributed to a great extent in the quantity of greenhouse gases present in the environment. This in turn is leading to global warming and weather changes. In fact, nitrous oxide, which is a byproduct of nitrogen, is the third most significant greenhouse gas, after carbon dioxide and methane. Therefore, you can well imagine as to how harmful is the use of fertilizers for our environment... and the ongoing use of fertilizers across the world will only make matters worse!

These facts are alarming and a serious step needs to be taken as soon as possible to avoid more severe consequences. The use of fertilizers for growth and cultivation is keeping our stomach filled for now, but then if things keep on progressing the way they are, it won't take long to see the times where there is lack of food, water, and health.

21-02-2012 om 03:30 geschreven door annazhao356  

Modern underground mines have rigorous safety rules and precautions and mining companies require a great deal of on-the-job safety training. In addition, the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 directed the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to study the causes of coal-related diseases and to develop a program to prevent the heath problems of coal workers. Mining requires workers to spend long hours underground in hazardous and often unstable conditions. Miners use a variety of safety equipment to stay safe on the job daily. These pieces of equipment can save the lives of those who choose to enter this particularly dangerous line of work.

Cap Lamps

Mines are completely dark unless workers are near the entrance or provide the light themselves.

Miners often have their own personal lights attached to their hard hats, even if the work site has lights set up. The workers may need to make their way through dark areas to transition from one spot to another, or the light system's power could fail. A miner's hard hat can be fitted with a small battery pack and a lamp that hooks to the front.

Respirators

Inhalation hazards are among the most significant dangers for workers in mines. Gases can cause nausea or may even be toxic. Dust particles in the air can cause respiratory complications and more.

Minors often use respirators to reduce inhalation levels and work comfortably in the mine. The style of respirator varies based on the dangers associated with a particular mine. Many respirators are simple face masks with an odor filter and protection from airborne contaminants. Some are powered and provide a flow of fresh oxygen to the miner.

Gas Detection

The days of taking a canary into the coal mine as a warning system of poisonous gases are long gone. Gas detection sensors are now placed in mines to monitor the levels of methane, carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen dioxide and other gasses to ensure that the workers are not in danger of inhaling a toxic gas or running out of oxygen.

Portable Air

Mining involves digging, scraping and pounding hard materials such as limestone and other rocks. To make the job more efficient and safe the industry now uses pneumatic tools instead of hammers and picks. While these older tools are still used, the heavy lifting is done by air-powered equipment.

Portable air systems are much lighter and more mobile than older air compressors and canisters. They can be rolled along or worn by a worker. The hose attaches to the pneumatic tool of choice.

Employees who have worked for in mines for extended periods of time have a greater chance of developing a mining- related illness. These illnesses are caused by exposure to mining chemicals and the physical hazards which are associated with mining. Mining related illnesses include respiratory disease, lung cancer, hearing loss and musculoskeletal disorders.

21-02-2012 om 03:30 geschreven door annazhao356  

Mobile equipment is used in many industrial applications, be it mining, construction or freight. However, the field with the highest potential for hazard is the mining field. Such as in mining mahcinery industry, there are mobile crushing station, mobile jaw crusher, mobile impact crusher and so on. Mobile equipment is heavy-duty industrial equipment that is used to move material from one area to another. Some examples would be forklifts, dump trucks, tractors and backhoes. This type of equipment can be hazardous if used incorrectly, so proper safety precautions should be taken to avoid injury. Luckily, operating mobile equipment safely is possible for most people when following a few steps.

1. Obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL) before operating mobile equipment. This will ensure that you or anyone operating the equipment will be properly and legally trained. A CDL can be obtained through a local technical college or private institution. The cost varies depending on the type of equipment you will operate, but generally the CDL will cost around $75. You have to be 21 years of age in most cases to get a CDL and complete a series of written tests.

2. Inspect the equipment before beginning use. Look for fuel leaks or any visible defects like damaged electrical or mechanical parts. If repairs are necessary, do not operate before those repairs are completed. Local mobile equipment service technicians will be able to repair most types of equipment.

3. Fasten seat belts when using mobile equipment to avoid injuries.

4. Maintain focus while operating the equipment and keep a look out for other people or vehicles in the vicinity. Use extra caution when moving in reverse. There is a warning sound on most mobile equipment like dump trucks and forklifts when moving in reverse.

5. Keep loads under the intended load capacity. Never attempt to lift more than your equipment can handle. The load capacity can be found in the manufacturer's handbook.

6. Avoid transporting people on mobile equipment and only use it as intended.

Mobile devices that impair your ability to drive safely include cameras, cell phones, laptops, music players, pagers and personal digital assistants (PDAs).

21-02-2012 om 03:30 geschreven door annazhao356  

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcite. Are distributed throughout the country, while the more exposed the fine texture of the surface, mining is easy and low development cost, and easier processing and comprehensive utilization.

The largest applications of limestone cement manufacturing industry. Cement manufacturing industry has a considerable advantage, since the invention of cement, cement products as the main construction material has been 180 years. Even in highly developed science and technology today, nor come up with alternatives, so invest in mill production line, for processing limestone for cement manufacturing is a good way to obtain economic benefits.

Limestone can be used in the manufacture of glass, soda ash, caustic soda, etc., iron with limestone for flux, remove gangue, slag forming material to do with lime to remove sulfur, phosphorus and other harmful impurities. In life, made of limestone burning process than pure calcium carbonate powder, used as rubber, plastic, paper, toothpaste, cosmetics, etc. as filler. Agriculture, lime sulfur mixture prepared with lime, Bordeaux mixture and other pesticides. Application of hydrated lime to the soil and soil acidity and improve soil structure, supply of plant-available calcium. Brush with lime tree trunks to protect trees. Chemical industry to use the chemical processing of limestone made of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium sulfite and calcium important, limestone-rich Xinjiang Province in China, given the huge economic value of limestone mining in recent years to develop limestone flour processing industry and achieved good economic benefits.

Crushed limestone processed by the mill can be used in many fields and achieved substantial economic benefits, limestone flour processing industries in recent years gradually vigorous.

Limestone processing mill is the main equipment, applications can adjust the fineness of the new material mill can produce a variety of uses for limestone powder. Meet the processing requirements of various industries. Hongxing Mill machines produced series including Raymond mill, mill machine high strength, high pressure micro-grinding, fine crusher, the product fully meet the various requirements of the limestone processing, the particle size range from tens of adjustment Head to Head 3000, high yield and stable performance. China currently has a number of limestone powder production line investors successfully installed a complete set of mill production line, provides customers cost-effective protection, is the optimal milling equipment purchase business choice. Another main product-mobile crusher station, PE / PEX Jaw Crusher, PF impact crusher, VSI New Type Sand Making Machine, high energy ball mill, MBS rod mill, etc., have to go abroad, and international standards, depth of domestic and foreign relations have made outstanding contributions.

21-02-2012 om 03:30 geschreven door annazhao356  

As we all know, jaw crusher discharge mouth (row ore mouth) can be adjusted according to user's need to obtain a qualified product material size. Zhengzhou general crusher experts now as this issue, with everyone do simple description, hope to be able to bring you help.

Along with the continuous abrasion gear plate, ranking ore mouth bigger product constantly coarsens, in order to obtain qualified product size, need regular adjustment row ore mouth size. Row the adjusting methods of the ore mouth basically has the following two:

1, gasket adjustment, namely the bearing seat behind thrust board with frame behind after a group of gasket placed between wall, increase or decrease gaskets quantity or changing its thickness, can achieve the purpose of adjusting row ore mouth. This compact structure, regulating and reliable, large and medium-sized jaw crusher multi-purpose the regulation method.

First we must be clear,Concrete Crushers, the jaw crusher thrust board, also called cubits board,Crusher Equipment, in addition to transfer power to and fro dynamic jaw plate do outside, but also has a safety insurance effect, changing its length also can rise to adjust the role of ore mouth platoon.

When jaw crusher crushing cavity things (such as crushing in an iron ball, iron, etc.), for the protection of the equipment is mainly parts are not damaged and use as crusher insurance after thrust board components. With cast iron plate after general thrust moulds overall, in which a trough of some holes open or to lower the cross-section intensity; Also can cast two, then use screws (or rivets) of connecting thrust board, combined. When not broken objects into crushing cavity, equipment overloaded and huge breakage force to thrust plate lead to thrust board broken or combination thrust board screw, machine cut to stop work, have insurance effect.

2, wedge block regulation, it is to use on thrust board with frame between the backseat two wedge block adjustment is suitable for small crusher adopted.

These knowledge may in equipment instructions say not so detailed, so the user is in the purchase equipment, installation debugging when must learn more with crusher experts, mastering jaw crusher insurance and discharging adjustment, stable production can be better.

21-02-2012 om 03:30 geschreven door annazhao356  

Mining Machinery is to develop a technology to improve human, modern science and technology and is closely related to the overall industry level, particularly in mining and mechanical engineering disciplines of science and development are closely linked. Mechanical Engineering, the general trend of scientific development will be digital, intelligent, precision, miniaturization, life, and Ecology. Mining Machinery as a branch of mechanical engineering disciplines, but also follow this general trend. At the same time, combining the characteristics of mining industry and its development trend is digital, intelligent, ecological and amenity of. Mining Machinery manufacturing should continue to integrate into the human's outstanding achievements in various fields, major demand for national economic construction, scientific outlook on development as guidance, to achieve sustainable development.

A) The need for economic development

Along with social improvement and economic development, human resources and increasing demand for energy, but what a resource of relatively poor countries. Followed by resource development, mining depth increased, extending from land to sea, the premise of resource extraction deteriorating security situation is becoming increasingly difficult mining; coal mining in China has reached the depth of 1000m, metal ore concentration 1380m, deposit mining depth increased, water, gas, high stress, geological structure that greatly increased the difficulty of resource extraction.

Automated unmanned underground or dangerous working face is the development direction of the mining environment, but also protect the safety of mining face an effective way. Integrated use of mining science, automation technology, communication technology, computer science and technology, no one working face to automate the basis of theoretical research and development of new technologies, new equipment, so that mining machinery (crusher, ball mill) will be towards robots and intelligent direction.

Storage of a variety of strategic metals seabed mineral resources, to achieve efficient and safe marine mineral resources exploitation, to protect the country's maritime rights and interests and provide technical support for national economic development, social protection for sustainable development. Achieve seabed mining, submarine control need to develop unmanned submersible depth, no diving, etc. made no intelligent cable mining machinery and equipment.

B) Competition in the market-driven

China mining machinery to improve the overall level of senior level comparable with the international discrepancy. Towards mining machinery journey in the manufacture of power, opportunities and challenges. Product design is the soul of the manufacturing industry, product structure, function, quality, capital, delivery time and manufacturability, maintainability, scrap processing and post-human, machine and environment relationship, in principle, are in the product design stage decision. The product is different and the design capacity has become a deciding competitive position in the global primary factor.

Mining Machinery is a high technological content and integration of equipment, development of new equipment constantly results in all areas of human integration in, followed by materials science, manufacturing technology, information technology, computer technology improved, each round There are new technologies into products, parts and components of the update cycle is shorter and shorter, faster and faster updating of new equipment, especially large-scale mining machinery development, no warning from the experience of mature, but not agreed to the design Any errors in the thrown, it must be multi-disciplinary technology with the integration of design efficiency and design quality improvement, promotion, business is different and independent capacity and market competitiveness. Mining Machinery and computer technology, network technology formed the basis of comprehensive digital trends.

C) For the natural environment and harmonious development

China's 'Eleventh Five-Year Plan' that, to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, focusing on the development cycle of the economy, insisted on developing equal emphasis on conservation, conservation priority, in accordance with the reduction, reuse, recycle principle, resource extraction, produce consumption, waste generation, consumption and other sectors, and gradually establish the whole cycle of use of system resources of society; to save energy, save water, saving land, saving material, comprehensive utilization of resources to strengthen the promotion of conservation policies.

Machinery from the simple pursuit of scale and efficiency of the model to build the cycle of economic direction 4R. Natural environment for the harmonious development requires mining machinery 'ecology', through a variety of senior technology to improve manufacturing model, manufacturing resources, manufacturing, process manufacturing organizations continued to stand out, so that products are not in the whole life cycle cause environmental pollution or environmental pollution minimization, resource utilization, the highest, lowest energy consumption, the ultimate enterprise coordination of economic and social benefits. Efficient, zero emission fuel cell mining machinery has good development prospects.

Geothermal energy as a green, renewable resources, are identified as countries around the world to maintain social sustainable development of new energy, rich in geothermal resources have been a better use of the developed countries, developing energy resources and the crust of solid waste treatment resources for the Mining Machinery to expand the service area. Mining Machinery in computer technology, network technology, multidisciplinary integrated support for economic development, driven by demand in the market, in the harmony of human and natural community development, mining machinery has been toward the digital, intelligent, ecological and pleasant direction.

Forefront of modern science and technology have significant time-domain, field and dynamic characteristics. Integration between different scientific cross will produce new scientific focus, economic development and social improvement of the mining machinery to generate a new expectations.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

Mobile crusher can be classified into: mobile jaw crushing plant, mobile cone crushing plant, and mobile impact crushing plant, etc. In the manufacturing and processing period, only production operation with sufficient knowledge and recognition about the equipment can have a better output. many customers will possibly have a misunderstanding area in case of unnecessary damaging, which causes a lower efficient of production.

Firstly, only after the mobile crushing plant is working in a stable state, material can be put into for production.

Secondly, the material for crushing must be put uniformly into the crushing cavity instead of putting in side direction or piling full, which can avoid the situation that mobile crushing plant will hold the stress on one side or be overload.

Thirdly, before the mobile crushing plant ends work, stop adding the material into the cavity, after the material in the cavity has been removed totally, the power can be shut down. This avoids the phenomenon of blocking in crushing cavity.

Fourthly, when the mobile crushing plant is working, there are too much materials in the crushing cavity that caused the stop of machine, the electrical power should be closed down immediately, then clearing the material, after it is well cleared, the mobile crushing plant can begin again to work.

Lastly, after a while of using, the maintenance and repair should be on time and checking every parts stability.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

Machinery industry is closely related with the fixed asset investment growth, we expect the “Eleventh Five-Year” period of China’s economic growth will be slightly lower than the “fifth” period of growth, fixed asset investment growth will also be more “fifth” during slowed, but is expected to increase. China's State Council executive meeting on the 4th approved in principle the equipment manufacturing industry restructuring and revitalization plan, this plan made it clear that speed up the revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry, we must rely on national key construction projects, large-scale independent of the major technologies and equipment to carry out the work.

Experts pointed out that the equipment independently of the biggest highlights of this plan. To promote the equipment independently, relying on the planning requirements for efficient and clean power generation, ultra-high voltage power transmission, coal and metal ore mining, pipeline and liquefied natural gas storage and transportation, high-speed rail, urban rail transit and other areas of key projects, targeted to achieve the key products of domestic manufacture; combination of iron and steel, automobiles, textiles and other major industries, key projects, promoting the equipment independently.

China Machinery Industry Federation, said Deputy Secretary-General Song Xiaogang, equipment manufacturing industries for the national economy, technology and equipment of the strategic industries, and equipment independently of not only the development of equipment manufacturing industry itself, but also to the country s economic security.

China National Machinery and equipment development into the best period of development transfer of world manufacturing, China is gradually becoming the world’s factory. United States, Germany, Korea and other countries have already entered the era of industrialization and the development of microelectronics era of high-tech intensive, steel, machinery, chemical and other heavy industries are gradually made transfer in developing countries. China’s current economic development has been the early stages of development, the development of heavy industry is in the middle.

To improve the basis for China s equipment manufacturing spare parts and basic level of technology, planning that, to enhance Forging, basic components, processing aids, special raw materials and other ancillary products, skills, reinforce the basis for industrial development.

In this regard, China First Heavy Industries Group Corporation Wu Shengfu said, good basic parts of the industry is of great significance. Although China can produce a number of large equipment, but has been unable to keep up a good solution to the problem of key components, some of the important bearings, hydraulic components, pressure vessels and other long-term dependence on imports.

The future development will continue to benefit from the revitalization of the equipment of the national police equipment, policies to promote the revitalization of domestic demand. June 28, 2006 “to accelerate the revitalization of the State Council on Several Opinions of the equipment manufacturing industry” (hereinafter referred to as “Opinions”) issued the “Opinions” that future development will focus on 16 major areas, namely:

Power generation, power transmission, petrochemical, coal chemical industry, sheet metal rolling, fully mechanized coal mining, shipbuilding, railway and mass transit, environmental protection, construction machinery, control and precision instruments, machine tools, textile machinery, agricultural machinery, IT equipment and aircraft. “Opinions” not only for equipment.

The future development of equipment manufacturing industry clear direction and goals, but also support the policy put forward a series of measures, including tax incentives, financial support is conducive to long-term health of the machinery industry, rapid development. Expected in the “Opinion” and its related policies and other policies to promote the revitalization, China’s machinery industry will maintain robust growth in domestic demand.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

Since the grinding track is horizontal and the centre of gravity of the roller system only moves vertically, all impact forces and dynamic reactions are mainly vertical and thus easy to accommodate. The extremely low mass of the roller suspension system means low total inertia and thereby low dynamic forces.

In the event of excessive vibrations of the roller system, the lower inertia also limits the dynamic loads on the grinding table and thrust bearing in the gear box as well as on the surroundings.

The variation in hydraulic force is greatly limited by means of the nitrogen-filled accumulators connected to the cylinders, which act as springs. Even though the variation in the grinding bed takes place during operation, the hydraulic force varies within only a few bars.

The horizontal force into the mill housing normally accounts for 10-15% of the hydraulic force. The required raw meal quality and capacity are obtained by easily adjusting the grinding pressure, separator speed, gas flow and dam ring height.

The roller suspension system permits the hot gas inlet section to be designed virtually, without restrictions to the gas flow below the grinding table. The nozzle ring area is adjusted by inserting or removing shims on top of the vanes. Thereby the gas speed can be reduced to a minimum allowed by the amount of external circulation. The benefit of the low gas speed in the nozzle ring is a significant reduction in pressure loss across the nozzle ring and thus a significant saving in power for the mill fan.

The beneficial design of the hot gas inlet with low pressure loss enables the mill to be fitted with an oversize nozzle ring. It is not necessary to involve a larger mill size just to accommodate the gas flow – only the nozzle ring and the separator must be adapted to the higher gas flow. This feature reduces energy and wear in the crusher.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

To quote a wise crusher operator, Crushing is not just about tons per hour; it's about safe tons per hour.' But consider that a safe workplace is not achieved via mere lip service and signage, but rather from the right mindset--from owners, managers and workers--and from the manufacturers of each piece of processing equipment.

Importantly, manually digging out the crusher before repairs or restarts puts workers in dangerous positions. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has reported numerous injuries and fatalities incurred when climbing in or under the jaw to manually clear, repair or adjust the typical older-style jaw crusher. As such, a welcome market entry is that of modern crusher design, derived from a major impetus to put safety first while also meeting demand for far greater productivity and ease of maintenance.

Whether a crusher is jammed by large material or uncrushable debris, or stalled by a power failure, the chamber must be cleared before restarting. Manual clearing is a lengthy and risky task, especially since material can be wedged inside the crusher with tremendous pressure, and dislodging poses much danger to workers placed in harm's way inside the crusher.

The hydraulic chamber clearing system on the Model 3258 jaw automatically opens the crusher to a safe position, allowing materials to pass. Its hydraulic relief protects parts and components against overload damage, and its hydraulic adjustment reduces maintenance time and maintains safe, consistent crusher output without the need for manual intervention.

Safety is a culture and should be championed by every worker in the operation. At the same time, management should respond immediately to each worker's safety concerns and successes, rather than monitoring only overall team efforts and targets. And, manufacturers should engineer greater safety as well as productivity into their units while accompanying their equipment with strong operational and safety training programs.

It has never been more important to consider the potential hazards of conventional, older-style crushers versus modern jaw crusher design. And even during today's challenging economic climate, safety should never be minimized due to a need to achieve lower prices or costs. Modern crusher design is a major development in safe material processing--one that allows operations to maximize productivity while putting safety first.

A Jaw Crusher is one of the main types of primary crushers in a mine or ore processing plant. The size of a jaw crusher is designated by the rectangular or square opening at the top of the jaws (feed opening). For instance, a 24 x 36 jaw crusher has a opening of 24' by 36', a 56 x 56 jaw crusher has a opening of 56' square. Primary jaw crushers are typically of the square opening design, and secondary jaw crushers are of the rectangular opening design. However, there are many exceptions to this general rule.

A Jaw Crusher reduces large size rocks or ore by placing the rock into compression. A fixed jaw, mounted in a 'V' alignment is the stationary breaking surface, while the movable jaw exerts force on the rock by forcing it against the stationary plate. The space at the bottom of the 'V' aligned jaw plates is the crusher product size gap, or the size of the crushed product from the jaw crusher. The rock remains in the jaws until it is small enough to pass through the gap at the bottom of the jaws.

Today's jaw crushers utilize hydraulics to do the heavy work, reducing maintenance time and keeping workers at a safe distance. The graphics below illustrate how hydraulics facilitate the toggle removal, eliminating the need for workers to access under the jaw while lowering heavy items. Hydraulics push the pitman forward and a lock-out pin is inserted through the side plate securing the pitman. The toggle is secured for lowering and hydraulic pressure is reduced in the tension cylinders, freeing the toggle. Hydraulics retract the toggle beam.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

To maximize crushing, you must marry impact and attrition actions. When size reduction begins, the material is picked up by the lower liner, moved outwardly and caught between the crushing members. The impact of the head results in reduction of material by grinding and by facture of particle-upon-particle caused by forceful relocation to the particles within the mass.

Even at the closest approach of the attrition members, the liners are still separated by a layer of small particles of substantial thickness. In most instances it has been found that a better product and greater usable quantity of desired size is obtained by increase rather than decrease of gap when it becomes a question of optimizing crusher capacity and power draw. Therefore, the setting of the crushing members is not as directly related to the size of the product required as is the setting in the cone-type crusher.

Remember that during the upward thrust of the rotating head two distinct processes combine to reduce the feed into a uniform fine product:

1. The impact of coarse particle against fine particle similar to the action of balls or pebbles in a grinding mill. The progressive structuring of cubical shaped, fine, particles is clearly shown in these two enlarged views of the attrition zone. Finely crushed particles are discharged at perimeter of attrition chamber.

2. The attrition resulting from the high surface friction during forceful relocation of the particles into smaller voids within the feed mass. In the Gyradisc crusher, the combination of impact and attrition offers the most efficient power utilization as compared to other fine crushing or reduction methods employed today.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

With the constant growth of china's economic construction, domestic real estate and domestic highway have made rapid development, crusher industry as well. The sales and market of the cone crusher also gradually blossom and the sales volume have significantly improved far more than previous years.

It is tempting that cone crusher has a very big application prospect. The root cause lies in the special design and the great performance. Moreover, cone crusher is a new machine of energy saving, low cost, high productive capacity. The cone crusher has novel design principle and adopt new crushing technology, which can meet the different materials, different specificationes of crushing, and meet requirements of the new process 'more crushing & less gridding'. The crushing ratio of Cone crusher is bigger, the granularity is fine and uniform and lower unit power consumption.

This is of importance to operate properly crusher in use, which concerns the working life of the crusher parts and the crusher. The following is the do's and don'ts.

(1) The starting and the stopping of cone crusher

A. cone crusher should match the appropriate starting motor according to the model of crusher.

B. cone crusher should be sequentially started up and closed down.

C. when it starts, cone crusher inside should be empty. After the crusher remains stable, it is the time that feed in stuff. Feeding in stuff by equality and can't operating by overload.

D. before stopping the crusher, feeding in stuff should be stopped. By now, the crusher can be stopped; when the all stuff in the crusher was to be discharged.

(2) Feeding stuff

A. the stuff that is prepared to put in crusher should comply with the technical requirements; the size of stuff must not exceed the prescribed scope. The Moisture content in related to the property, both the proportion must not more than 15%, so as not to block the machine’s mouth.

B. feeding the stuff equably, thus can increase the effect of crush and imporve the work contition.

(3) Discharge

A. discharge opening should ensure clearance, in order to avoid causing the overloading accidents because of dischage difficultly.

B. the cone crusher should be inspected termly. If the size of stuff is not comply with the specified size, then should inspect the wear condition of the hammer, lining plate and the tension situation of V-belt. When those problems are found, worn parts are replaced and the tensile force of V-belt is adjusted.

Compare to the traditional crusher equipment, those advantages, such as the bigger crushing ratio, fine granularity, lower power consumption, crushing anything hard brittle matters etc, make the cone crusher to be an ideal, energy saving, superfine crushing equipment.

21-02-2012 om 03:29 geschreven door annazhao356  

Rock crushers--also called non-metallic mineral processing plants--are credited with a variety of environmental impacts: air pollution; ground and surface water contamination; solid and hazardous wastes; increased traffic to and from mining sites; and scenic degradation. As a consequence of these impacts, rock crushing plants in the United States are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and permitting requirements.

Ground and Surface Water Contamination

Another important environmental impact of rock crushers is water pollution from sediment runoff, particularly in temperate climate zones. Excess sediment clogs streams, causes flooding and harms fish; sediment runoff into storm water sewer systems can also cause problems.

In drier climates, where groundwater is in short supply, the quantity of water necessary for rock crushers to wash equipment and control dust may strain the local water supply. The National Pollutant Elimination Discharge System (NPDES) program regulates water pollution from rock crushers.

Increased Traffic

Rock crushers can result in a significant increase in traffic and hazardous conditions for motorists on highways, as trucks filled with gravel or other material, often uncovered or loosely covered, enter and leave the processing plants many times per day. This increases the quantity of airborne particulate matter (dust), diesel exhaust fumes and other air pollutants in and around the vicinity of the plants.

Air Pollution

Air pollution from dust (also called particulate matter) is the No. 1 environmental impact of rock crushers. Minute particles of dust--10 microns (.0004 inches or .01 mm) or less in diameter, called PM10--can damage the lungs. Dust from rock crushing facilities can coat nearby residential and office buildings.

Scenic Degradation

Rock crushers can destroy scenic views in areas where mining facilities abound, such as occurs around some large cities in New Mexico, as noted in a 2004 study by the Center for Science in Public Participation.

Other ambient impacts from rock crushers include bright lights from facilities that operate at night and loud noises from equipment operation that can be heard up to a mile away.

21-02-2012 om 03:28 geschreven door annazhao356  

In mining operations, the layout of crushing plants and ancillary equipment and structures is a crucial factor in meeting production requirements while keeping capital and operational costs to a minimum. This paper addresses the critical design parameters as well as the consideration of ore characteristics, geographical location, climatic conditions, expected operational life, expansion potential, safety, environment, and operability and maintainability.

The fundamental goal for the design of a crushing plant is an installation that meets the required production requirements, operates at competitive cost, complies with today's tough environmental regulations, and can be built at a reasonable price despite the rising costs of equipment, energy and construction labor.

There are three main steps in designing a good crushing plant: process design, equipment selection, and layout. The first two are dictated by production requirements and design parameters, but the layout can reflect the input, preferences and operational experience of a number of parties.

Crushing plants must be designed for ease of access and maintainability if they are to meet their production goals. Keeping maintenance requirements to a minimum helps achieve higher overall operating availability. Scheduled preventive maintenance at crushing plants involves a number of elements, including: crusher wear parts, screen decks, feeder wear parts, conveyor skirting and adjustment, Oil and lubrication, conveyor belt repair, visual inspections, electrical and instrumentation adjustments.

Building for cold-weather operations is very challenging, as is designing a plant in a desert environment. This is particularly true when year-round operation is required. Seasonal variations can change ore moisture content, so the crushing plant must be adaptable to changes in the material flow characteristics. Higher moisture requires greater angles of withdrawal, and stoneboxes must be designed to avoid plugging. The crushing plant equipment itself must be adjustable to climatic changes; for example, screen decks must be designed to maintain production, possibly by using wire mesh during the wet season and plastic during the dry. Vary screen deck types dependent on seasons and material characteristics to achieve maximum passing through deck openings.

Equipment suppliers are offering ever-larger primary crushers, with 1,800 mm (72 in) gyratories expected soon, as well as secondary and tertiary machines of up to 3,000 mm (120 in).

21-02-2012 om 03:28 geschreven door annazhao356  

Mining is a process by which the earth is drilled, usually by heavy machinery, to extract minerals and other materials from beneath the soil. Mining is carried out to retrieve a number of substances such as coal, gold, iron, diamonds, potash and uranium. While mining yields important substances for sale and industrial production, mining also affects the natural environment.

Ecosystems are affected by the physical perturbations of mining operations, as well as the chemical alterations in soil and water. Mining activities vary, but can include soil compaction and conversely, removal of the topsoil. These alterations disrupt nutrient dynamics by minimizing the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus, lower the pH through the acidification of the soil and can introduce toxic metals and acids. Depending on the scale and nature of the mining operation, these effects can be localized to the location of the mining or, through local hydrology, can extend to nearby aquatic systems, such as stream, wetlands and lakes.

All mining activities create considerable waste, including acid runoff and chemical byproducts of refining. Coal mines are particularly prone to acid runoff. When large amounts of rainwater enters functioning or abandoned mines, the water becomes acidic and contaminated with heavy metals. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 40 percent of western U.S. watershed have been contaminated by mine waste. In the United States, the mining industry is the top toxic polluter. The problems are frequently more pronounced in under-regulated developing countries, where mining companies can be free to pollute with impunity. Water pollution from mines has been known to decimate aquatic life, and seriously impact bird and mammal populations. Water sources used by humans have also been contaminated, posing serious risks to human health.

Mining operations often contaminate the soil with toxic heavy metals and acids. Acids can lower the pH of the soil, preventing plants and soil microorganisms from thriving, and can also react with various minerals in the soil that are required by plants, such as calcium and magnesium. The hydrogen ions from the acid absorb the soil particles, preventing other nutrients required by plants to remain in the soil. These chemical alterations can interact with soil compaction. Because water isn't moving through the soil profile, some of the metals and acids can get carried away by the water, extending the mining effects throughout greater portions of the landscape. Elkins, Parker, Aldon and Whitford report in their article 'Responses of Soil Biota to Organic Ammendments in Stripmine Spoils in Northwestern New Mexico,' in the 'Journal of Environmental Quality,' 1984, that the addition of organic matter to mined lands can increase water retention in the soil, as well as the microbial process of nutrient accumulation and processing, potentially offsetting and minimizing the ecosystem effects from mining operations.

Mining releases particles of various kinds into the air, which has an impact on air quality. Some of these substances are harmless, such as dust particles, while others can be potentially dangerous. Dangerous particles include arsenic, cadmium and lead. Over time, and in sufficient quantities, these dangerous particles can have an effect on human health, especially respiratory health. Emphysema is one potential effect of prolonged inhalation of dangerous particles. These particles can also be ingested or absorbed through the skin.

20-02-2012 om 09:16 geschreven door annazhao356  

Crushing ratio also named size reduction ration is a measure of crushing effect, the concept of common crushing ratio. Crushing ratio is raw material size and crushed after the product size ratio. It is shown that after the broken table of reducing the extent of raw materials.

Crushing ration or size reduction ration features the following methods.

1). Crushing material before the maximum particle size of crushed products maximum particle size ratio calculated I = Dmax / Dmax type Dmax -- broken before the material of the maximum particle size; Dmax -- broken materials maximum particle size.

Due to the different habits, maximum size value method. Britain and the United States in 80% through the sieve mesh material width for the maximum particle size diameter, China and the former Soviet Union to material 95% can pass sieve mesh width of maximum particle diameter.

2). Crusher with a feeding opening width and the width of discharge opening ratio of I = 0.85B / B type B - crusher feeding mouth width; B - crusherwidth of discharge opening; 0.85 guarantee crusher on the effective width of feed material. Outlet width of coarse crusher, maximum width of discharge opening; in crusher takes the minimum width of discharge opening.

3). With average particle size calculation of I = Dcp / DCP type Dcp - broken before the material with an average diameter of DCP - broken materials; average diameter.

Hongxing counterattack crusher with big crushing ratio.

The crushing impact crusher than can achieve more than 50, finished materials particles grain shape good. Under the impact, being broken down its most vulnerable material often, this selective fractured planes crushing method, the grain-size uniform, discharging a cube shapes, fine powder and dust content is low, and so, in need of situations. Cubes particles For example, prevent slippery pavement of high grade highway, usually by impact breaker as eventually broken equipment, producing concrete aggregate.

The cost of power is a major expense in crushing and grinding, so the factors that control this cost are important.

18-02-2012 om 03:54 geschreven door annazhao356  

Most of the current manufacturing crusher drive technology are driving the use of mechanical equipment and electronic drive to achieve, but recent crusher manufacturing began to drive technology into the field of hydraulic drive, hydraulic drive refers to the so-called motor driven hydraulic pump to establish a certain degree of hydraulic, hydraulic oil through the valve to the specified cylinder, push the piston movement, but there are some views that the hydraulic drive technology is “outdated”, but the characteristics of the hydraulic hybrid technology is still a lot of applications is widely used with, and meet the large demand for actual production.

With the changes in market demand and crusher increasing the degree of competition in the industry, can effectively increase the life of a variety of crusher equipment, has been following the lower production costs, increase production of the device after another basic requirement, but as buyers, in order to increase production, often make the crusher at a high load operating state, with the temporary increase of production, but has largely depleted the crusher equipment should have life, and crusher of the hydraulic drive technology used, not only in improving the efficiency, but also more effective to reduce the load on the crusher, the crusher equipment to reduce the weight for the crusher equipment to create a more “healthy” production environment.

The main structure of the hydraulic crusher includes hydraulic breaker, work equipment, hydraulic equipment, electrical equipment, controls, hydraulic breakers can be a special place of mineral aggregate crushing, and removal of obstruction to the feeder, make it work.

In addition to the hydraulic drive technology in dealing with large volumes of applications has more advantages, including; big load transfer; extrusion molding, pressure molding technology; bending, stamping and other forming processes; connection and assembly processes, etc..

18-02-2012 om 03:54 geschreven door annazhao356  

Along with the rapid growth of Chinese economy, our country has made great achievements in various construction, but meanwhile we also pay heavy cost for resource waste and environmental destruction. The contradiction between economic development and resources and environment is gradually becoming more acute. The issue on environmental pollution arouse intense concern among the masses. Thus, to achieve energy saving and emission reduction needs the full cooperation of all sectors of society and each enterprise, and the active guidance from the quality and environment departments is especially of great significance.

As one famous joint-stock enterprise for mining machinery in China, Henan Hongxing Mining Machinery Co., Ltd. has already placed the plan of energy saving and emission reduction on the agenda. We positively respond to the national policy, and strictly adhere to the policy stipulated by the government to process our products. So we can further improve our company's social influence while making profits.

Energy saving and emission reduction not only brings social and economic benefits but also is the responsibility for the mining machinery industry. The equipments manufactured by Hongxing Machinery Group are strictly in accordance with the requirements of the national quality and environment departments. Hongxing Mining Machinery is making every effort to push forward the building of a new environment-friendly society. Such as, energy-saving coal ball mill, ultra-fine Raymond mill, mobile crushing station, YK series vibrating screen. These high-quality and efficient products are well received among most customers.

18-02-2012 om 03:54 geschreven door annazhao356